Rock

The entries on this annotated, structured list of rocks all are items and blocks in Minecraft that:

A few fictitious blocks are included in this list; namely, blackstone, deepslate, end stone, glowstone, netherrack, and redstone. Their actual nature is up to the player's imagination.

List of rocks

These make up the majority of the ground where they're found.

Basalt – columnar basalt found making up the basalt delta biomes of the Nether
Bedrock – the unbreakable layer of rock that limits mining below the deepslate layer; also sandwiches the Nether; unobtainable in Survival
Deepslate – the dark gray rock that makes up the deepest mineable layer of the Overworld below Y=0; useful for crafting
End Stone – a hard, pale yellow material that makes up all the islands of the End
Netherrack – a soft, red material that makes up most of the Nether
Sandstone – a light-colored rock found below almost any sand deposit
Stone – the gray rock that makes up the bulk of the Overworld above Y=−7
Terracotta – a stone found in colorful, exposed layers in the mesa; craftable by smelting clay in a furnace

These generate as part of world decorators. Decorators are a kind of terrain feature. Ores and other ore blobs are decorators.

Basalt – columnar basalt found in the basalt pillars, basalt columns and deltas of the Nether
Bedrock – forms end gateways and the exit portal of the End
Blackstone – black rock that can be found in deltas of the Nether
Cobblestone – forms the walls of monster rooms
Mossy Cobblestone – forms forest rocks of old growth taigas and generates as part of monster room floors
Dripstone – found in dripstone clusters; useful for generating water or lava
End stone – forms small islands in the End
Glowstone – exclusively found in glowstone blobs in the Nether
Granite – makes up the body of copper ore veins
Obsidian – a hard rock that makes up the obsidian pillars and obsidian platform of the End
Sandstone – forms desert wells
Smooth Basalt – encases amethyst geodes, where it's associated with calcite and amethyst
Tuff – makes up the body of iron ore veins

Andesite – a light-colored rock found in solitary underground blobs
Blackstone – a material only found in large blobs in the Nether's basalt deltas; useful for crafting
Deepslate – a dark gray rock sometimes found in blobs close to the deepslate layer
Diorite – a light-colored rock, similar in color to andesite but coarser-looking; found in solitary underground blobs
Granite – a pinkish rock found in solitary underground blobs
Tuff – a brownish rock commonly found in solitary underground blobs within the deepslate layer
Calcite - a white rock that decorates mountains in blobs, as well as part of amethyst geodes

Block of Amethyst – a source of amethyst, a material that has some niche interactions in crafting recipes
Coal Ore – a source of coal, a rock used for torches and furnace fuel; found in greatest abundance near the surface
Copper Ore – a source of copper, used to make lightning rods and spyglasses; sometimes found in enormous ore veins
Diamond Ore – a rare ore found deep underground; a source of diamonds to make durable weapons, tools, and armor
Emerald Ore – the rarest of all ores, yielding emeralds used for currency when trading with villagers and wandering traders; only found in mountains
Gold Ore – a source of gold, used to craft tools, weapons, armor, golden carrots, and golden apples; also valuable to piglins
Iron Ore – a much-desired source of iron, which has many uses; sometimes found in enormous ore veins
Lapis Lazuli Ore – the lapis lazuli from this ore is a rich blue rock useful in enchanting and as a dye; found close to and within the deepslate layer
Redstone Ore – a source of redstone dust, a material that can carry signals and activate moving parts; found in the deepest depths of the underground
Nether Quartz Ore – a source of quartz, a material that is mostly used in decoration, but has some niche interactions in other crafting recipes

Coal and Lapis Lazuli are also rocks in their own right.

These rocks can be found in structures and features

Basalt – columnar basalt found in the bastion remnants of the Nether; It also generates around amethyst geodes in its smooth form
Blackstone – black rock that can be found in bastion remnants in the Nether
Cobblestone – generates in a variety of structures, including villages and jungle temples
Netherrack – generates in ruined portals and bastion remnants
Obsidian – a hard rock that can be found in ruined portals
Sandstone – generates in desert pyramids and in desert villages
Calcite - a white rock found around amethyst geodes

Cobblestone – a block of cobbles that drops from mining stone; found naturally where flowing water meets flowing lava; widely used in crafting
Flint – a rock that drops from gravel; useful in crafting arrows and starting fires
Obsidian – a hard black blast-proof rock found where lava is flash-cooled by water; useful for crafting enchanting tables, ender chests and beacons, traveling to the Nether and summoning dragons