Questions tagged [ward-identity]

162 questions
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Is it really proper to say Ward identity is a consequence of gauge invariance?

Many (if not all) of the materials I've read claim Ward identity is a consequence of gauge invariance of the theory, while actually their derivations only make use of current conservation $\partial_\mu J^\mu=0$ (which is only equivalent to a global…
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1 answer

How does the Ward-Takahashi Identity imply that non-transverse photons are unphysical in QED?

Peskin and Schroeder say that the Ward Identity of QED proves that non-transverse photon polarizations can be consistently ignored, but I'm confused about the details. Setup One starts by considering some process with an external photon whose…
16
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1 answer

QED and anomaly

I've just started to learn anomalies in quantum field theories. I have a question. How to show that QED is free from vector current anomaly and what would happen if it were not? In other words, how can we show that $\partial_\mu j^\mu=0$ even at…
15
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1 answer

Why can I replace a gauge field $A^{\mu}$ by the current $j^{\mu}$ it couples to in the calculation of a Greens function?

I am reading about anomalies in QFT at the moment and have a related question. Often people calculate the time ordered expectation value of some fields (in QED for example) by replacing the field $A_\mu$ with the current $j_\mu =…
12
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2 answers

Peskin's book page 334 proof of $Z_1=Z_2$ to all orders in QED perturbation theory

Peskin in his QFT page 334 argued that $Z_1=Z_2$ to all orders in QED perturbation theory, but I couldn't understand his argument: ... With a generalization of the argument given there (section 7.4 for Ward identity), on can show that the…
11
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0 answers

gauge invariance of the Feynman amplitudes

When we calculate the photon polarization sums over amplitudes, $$X=\sum\limits_{r=1}^{2}|\mathcal M_r|^2=\mathcal M_\alpha\mathcal M_\beta^*\sum\limits_{r=1}^{2}\epsilon_r^\alpha\epsilon_r^\beta$$ we find it very helpful that we can simply make a…
11
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2 answers

Ward identity derived from global symmetry and SDE, different from that derived from gauge symmetry?

In QED, according to Schwinger-Dyson equation $^{[1]}$, $$\left(\eta^{\mu\nu}(\partial ^2)-(1-\frac{1}{\xi})\partial^{\mu}\partial^{\nu}\right)\langle 0|\mathcal{T}A_{\nu}(x)...|0\rangle = e\,\langle 0|\mathcal{T}j^{\mu}(x)...|0\rangle +…
10
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2 answers

Why does normal ordering violate the Ward identity?

It is well known that normal ordering the Lagrangian eliminates all Feynman diagrams with tadpoles$^{[1]}$. In the case of the photon self-energy in scalar QED, one of the diagrams is, in fact, a tadpole: If one calculates $\Pi^{\mu\nu}$ neglecting…
9
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1 answer

Anomaly, symmetries, and Ward identity

I'm trying to bring together and understand the concepts of anomaly, quantum symmetries, and Ward (or Ward-Takahashi, or Slavnov-Taylor) identity in QFT. I think I know what the ideas mean, but I'm not sure if my unified understanding of the subject…
9
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1 answer

Some questions about Ward-Takahashi Identity

I'm a learner of Peskin and Schroeder's textbook of quantum field theory. I have proceeded to Ward-Takahashi identity and have one question when I look for Wikipedia for reference. The following is the Ward-Takahashi identity, where $M^{\mu}$ is…
9
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1 answer

Is Ward identity really satisfied by the photon's self-energy?

The one-loop self-energy of the photon, , when contracted with the external momentum $k^\mu$ gives the following difference of integrals where the integration variable in the first term is shifted compared to the second term. $$ k_\mu\Pi^{\mu\nu}(k)…
8
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1 answer

The Ward-Takahashi identity in Peskin and Schroeder (page 311)

I'm working on the Ward-Takahashi identity in Peskin (page 311), but I canʻt obtain Eq.(9.105) from Eq.(9.103) According to Eq.(9.103) \begin{align} &i \partial_{\mu}\left\langle 0\left|T j^{\mu}(x) \psi\left(x_{1}\right)…
8
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1 answer

Different Schwinger-Dyson Equations

In the literature on QFT there are a lot of different equations that are all called "Schwinger-Dyson equation" so I wanted to know how are they related and if they have proper names. The first equation can be obtained by making a change of…
8
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1 answer

Ward Identity makes QED logarithmic divergent?

Quick question regarding superficial degrees of freedom and Ward identities. For instance in Peskin and Schroeder it is stated that the photon-self energy is superficially quadratically UV divergent but due to the Ward identity it is only…
8
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1 answer

Can you gauge a $U(1)_L$ symmetry?

I was recently calculating the one loop correction for the propagator of a gauge boson, $\hspace{5cm}$ I assumed arbitrary left and right couplings, $ g _L $ and $ g _R $. I found that the one loop correction was, \begin{equation} = \frac{ - 4i…
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