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Quantum Computing Stack Exchange

Questions tagged [matrix-representation]

For questions about matrix representations of quantum gates.

185 questions
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How to interpret a quantum circuit as a matrix?

If a circuit takes more than one qubit as its input and has quantum gates which take different numbers of qubits as their input, how would we interpret this circuit as a matrix? Here is a toy example:
PiMan
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Can arbitrary matrices be decomposed using the Pauli basis?

Is it possible to decompose a Hermitian and unitrary matrix $A$ into the sum of the Pauli matrix Kronecker products? For example, I have a matrix 16x16 and want it to be decomposed into something like $$A…
C-Roux
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How to construct matrix of regular and "flipped" 2-qubit CNOT?

When constructing the matrices for the two CNOT based on the target and control qubit, I can use reasoning: "If $q_0$==$|0\rangle$, everything simply passes through", resulting in an Identity matrix style $\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{bmatrix}$ in…
Thomas Hubregtsen
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Advantage of simulating sparse Hamiltonians

In @DaftWullie's answer to this question he showed how to represent in terms of quantum gates the matrix used as example in this article. However, I believe it to be unlikely to have such well structured matrices in real life examples, therefore I…
FSic
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How to check if a quantum circuit can be constructed for a given matrix representation?

Let's say I have a matrix representation, e.g. $$ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}. $$ How can I determine whether a quantum circuit can be constructed given said matrix representation?…
Dorijan Cirkveni
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How to efficiently calculate the inverse of a Kronecker product?

This is a follow-up question to a previous question I had, where the correct answer was to use the Kronecker product. Given, for example, a vector representing two qubits $$\begin{bmatrix}0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{bmatrix}$$ is there an algorithm to…
1ijk
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How can we be sure that for every $A$, $A^\dagger A$ has a positive square root?

In the Polar Decomposition section in Nielsen and Chuang (page 78 in the 2002 edition), there is a claim that any matrix $A$ will have a decomposition $UJ$ where $J$ is positive and is equal to $\sqrt{A^\dagger A}$. Firstly, how can we be sure that…
Mahathi Vempati
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What is the set of generators for the qutrit Clifford group?

According to this article, any Clifford gate, acting on $n$ qubits, can be generated by Hadamard, CNOT, and S gates. What are the set of generators for qutrit Cliffords?
BlackHat18
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Could the Hadamard gate have been constructed differently with similar characteristics?

Say we had a Hadamard-like gate with the -1 in the first entry instead of the last. Let's call it $H^1$. $$H = \begin{bmatrix}1&1\\1&-1\end{bmatrix}$$ $$H^1 = \begin{bmatrix}-1&1\\1&1\end{bmatrix}$$ From my maths it's a unitary matrix, so it's a…
Nate Lowry
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$R_z$ gate representations

Why is the $R_z$ gate sometimes written as: $$ R_{z}\left(\theta\right)=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0\\ 0 & e^{i\theta} \end{pmatrix}, $$ while other times it is written as: $$ R_{z}\left(\theta\right)=\begin{pmatrix}e^{-i\theta/2} & 0\\ 0 &…
Bella
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What are theta, phi and lambda in cu1(theta, ctl, tgt) and cu3(theta, phi, lam, ctl, tgt)? What are the rotation matrices being used?

I was reading the documentation for qiskit.QuantumCircuit and came across the functions cu1(theta, ctl, tgt) and cu3(theta, phi, lam, ctl, tgt). Looking at the names they seem to be controlled rotations. ctrl represents the controlled qubit and tgt…
Sanchayan Dutta
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What is the matrix of the iSwap gate?

Mostly I'm confused over whether the common convention is to use +$i$ or -$i$ along the anti-diagonal of the middle $2\times 2$ block.
Craig Gidney
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Is there a name for the 3-qubit gate that does NOT NOT NOTHING?

It seems to me that the "disjunction gate" (aside: is that its proper name?) can be thought of as the combination of three gates, G1, G2, and G3, where G2 is the CCNOT gate, and $G1 = G3 = ¬_a \otimes ¬_b \otimes I_c$. For context, see the bottom…
Ben Hocking
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In Schur-Weyl's duality, why is the commutant of $\pi_k(S_k)$ spanned by $U(d)^{\otimes k}$ matrices?

I'm reading this tutorial paper about quantum state certification. However, I'm confused about the concept of Schur-Weyl duality, explicitly Theorem 35 of the paper. Let $S_k$ denotes the symmetric group and $\pi_k$ its unitary representation, i.e.,…
Sherlock
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Matrix representation of continuous-variable gates

In the introduction to continuous-variable quantum computing by Strawberry Fields (Xanadu), it lists the primary CV gates (rotation, displacement, squeezing, beamsplitter, cubic phase) along with their unitary: What are the matrix representations…
user820789
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