Career finals
DisciplineTypeWonLostTotal WR[lower-alpha 1]
SinglesGrand Slam033 0.00
Summer Olympics011 0.00
WTA Finals[lower-alpha 2]––– –
WTA Elite[lower-alpha 3] – – – –
WTA 1000[lower-alpha 4]538 0.63
WTA 500[lower-alpha 5]224 0.50
WTA 250[lower-alpha 6] 5 3 8 0.63
Total121224 0.50
DoublesGrand Slam112 0.50
Summer Olympics––– –
WTA Finals[lower-alpha 2]––– –
WTA Elite[lower-alpha 3] – – – –
WTA 1000[lower-alpha 4]101 1.00
WTA 500[lower-alpha 5]246 0.33
WTA 250[lower-alpha 6] 5 2 7 0.71
Total9716 0.56
Total211940 0.53

This is a list of the main career statistics of retired Russian professional tennis player Dinara Safina. Throughout her career, Safina won twelve WTA Tour singles titles including three Tier I singles titles at the 2008 German Open, Rogers Cup and Pan Pacific Open,[1] respectively; one Premier Mandatory singles title at the 2009 Madrid Open[2] and one Premier 5 singles title at the 2009 Italian Open.[3] She was also the runner-up at the 2008 French Open[4] and the 2009 Australian Open and French Open as well as a silver medalist in singles at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.[5]

Safina was also an accomplished doubles player, winning nine WTA doubles titles including one Grand Slam doubles title with Nathalie Dechy at the 2007 US Open, one Tier I-doubles title with Elena Vesnina at the 2008 Indian Wells Masters and three consecutive doubles titles at the Brisbane International from 2006 to 2008. Safina achieved her career-high doubles ranking of world No. 8 on May 12, 2008, and subsequently attained the No. 1 ranking in singles on April 20, 2009.[6]

Safina at the 2009 Toray Pan Pacific Open.

Performance timelines

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# P# DNQ A Z# PO G S B NMS NTI P NH
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Billie Jean King Cup (Fed Cup), Hopman Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.

Singles

Tournament20012002200320042005200620072008200920102011SRW–LWin%
Grand Slam tournaments
Australian Open A A 1R 3R 2R 2R 3R 1R F 4R 1R 0 / 9 15–9 63%
French Open A A 1R 2R 1R QF 4R F F 1R A 0 / 8 20–8 71%
Wimbledon A Q3 1R 1R 3R 3R 2R 3R SF A A 0 / 7 12–7 63%
US Open A 2R 4R 1R 1R QF 4R SF 3R 1R A 0 / 9 18–9 67%
Win–loss 0–0 1–1 3–4 3–4 3–4 11–4 9–4 13–4 19–4 3–3 0–1 0 / 33 65–33 66%
National representation
Summer Olympics not held A not held S not held 0 / 1 5–1 83%
Year-end championship
WTA Finals did not qualify RR RR DNQ 0 / 2 0–4 0%
WTA 1000 + former† tournaments
Dubai / Qatar Open[lower-alpha 7] NMS 3R 2R A A 0 / 2 2–2 100%
Indian Wells Open absent 1R A 3R QF 3R 3R QF A 4R 0 / 7 12–7 63%
Miami Open absent 2R 2R 2R 2R 4R QF 3R A 2R 0 / 8 8–8 50%
Berlin / Madrid Open[lower-alpha 8] A A 2R 1R 2R QF QF W W 1R 2R 2 / 9 19–7 75%
Italian Open absent 2R 2R A F QF A W 2R A 1 / 6 14–5 74%
Canadian Open absent 2R SF 3R W 2R 3R A 1 / 6 13–5 72%
Cincinnati Open not held Tier III F 2R A 0 / 2 5–2 71%
Pan Pacific Open absent W 2R 1R A 1 / 3 4–2 67%
China Open Tier IV Tier II 2R 1R A 0 / 2 1–2 33%
Charleston Open† absent QF F 3R Premier 0 / 3 7–3 70%
Southern California Open† Tier II A 3R 1R 3R not held Premier 0 / 3 3–3 50%
Kremlin Cup† Q1 2R 2R 2R SF 1R SF SF Premier 0 / 7 11–7 61%
Zurich Open† absent 1R T II not held 0 / 1 0–1 0%
Career statistics
20012002200320042005200620072008200920102011No.
Tournaments 0 6 16 19 21 21 23 21 19 16 9 171
Titles 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 4 3 0 0 12
Finals 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 8 0 0 24
Hard win–loss — 2–2 8–9 11–8 16–12 19–11 19–11 36–14 27–12 12–11 5–6 5 / 99 155–96 62%
Clay win–loss — 9–2 9–4 4–6 9–3 16–5 13–5 14–3 20–2 1–4 6–2 6 / 43 101–36 74%
Grass win–loss — — 0–1 0–2 4–2 5–2 4–2 5–2 8–2 0–1 0–0 0 / 14 26–14 65%
Carpet win–loss — 1–1 1–1 5–3 7–2 4–3 7–4 0–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 1 / 15 25–14 64%
Overall win–loss 0–0 12–5 18–15 20–19 36–19 44–21 43–22 55–19 55–16 13–16 11–8 12 / 171 307–160 66%
Win % 0% 71% 55% !51% 65% 68% 66% 74% 77% 45% 58% 66%
Year-end ranking 394 68 54 44 20 11 15 3 2 62 129 No. 1 (April 20, 2009)

Doubles

Tournament 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 W–L
Australian Open A A QF 2R 3R 1R A A 1R 6–5
French Open A 2R 2R 3R 3R 3R A 2R A 9–6
Wimbledon A A 3R A 1R 3R A A A 4–3
US Open A 1R 1R F W A A A A 11–3
Win–loss 0–0 1–2 6–4 8–3 10–3 4–3 0–0 1–1 0–1 30–17

Significant finals

Grand Slams

Singles: 3 (3 runner-ups)

Result Year Tournament Surface Opponent Score
Loss2008French OpenClaySerbia Ana Ivanovic4–6, 3–6
Loss2009Australian OpenHardUnited States Serena Williams0–6, 3–6
Loss2009French Open (2)ClayRussia Svetlana Kuznetsova4–6, 2–6

Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

Result Year Tournament Surface Partner Opponent Score
Loss2006US OpenHardSlovenia Katarina SrebotnikFrance Nathalie Dechy
Russia Vera Zvonareva		6–7(5–7), 5–7
Win2007US OpenHardFrance Nathalie DechyChinese Taipei Chan Yung-jan
Chinese Taipei Chuang Chia-jung		6–4, 6–2

Olympics

Singles: 1 (silver medal)

Result Year Tournament Surface Opponent Score
Silver2008Beijing OlympicsHardRussia Elena Dementieva6–3, 5–7, 3–6

WTA 1000

Singles: 8 (5 titles, 3 runner-ups)

Result Year Tournament Surface Opponent Score
Loss 2006 Rome Clay Switzerland Martina Hingis 2–6, 5–7
Loss 2007 Charleston Clay Serbia Jelena Janković 2–6, 2–6
Win 2008 Berlin Clay Russia Elena Dementieva 3–6, 6–2, 6–2
Win 2008 Canada (Montréal) Hard Slovakia Dominika Cibulková 6–1, 6–2
Win 2008 Tokyo Hard Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–1, 6–3
Win 2009 Rome Clay Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–3, 6–2
Win 2009 Madrid Clay Denmark Caroline Wozniacki 6–2, 6–4
Loss 2009 Cincinnati Hard Serbia Jelena Janković 4–6, 2–6

Doubles: 1 (1 title)

Result Year Tournament Surface Partner Opponents Score
Win 2008 Indian Wells Hard Russia Elena Vesnina 6–1, 1–6, [10–8]

WTA Tour finals

Singles: 24 (12 titles, 12 runner-ups)

Legend
Grand Slam tournaments (0–3)
Olympics (0–1)
WTA 1000 (Tier I / Premier 5 / Premier M) (5–3)
WTA 500 (Tier II / Premier) (2–2)
WTA 250 (5–3)
Surface
Hard (5–5)
Clay (6–5)
Grass (0–2)
Carpet (1)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Win 1–0 Jul 2002 Orange Warsaw Open, Poland Tier III Clay Slovakia Henrieta Nagyová 6–3, 4–0, ret.
Win 2–0 Jul 2003 Palermo International, Italy Tier V Clay Slovenia Katarina Srebotnik 6–3, 6–4
Loss 2–1 Oct 2004 Luxembourg Open, Luxembourg Tier III Hard (i) Australia Alicia Molik 3–6, 4–6
Win 3–1 Feb 2005 Open GDF Suez, France Tier II Carpet (i) France Amélie Mauresmo 6–4, 2–6, 6–3
Win 4–1 May 2005 Prague Open, Czech Republic Tier IV Clay Czech Republic Zuzana Ondrášková 7–6(7–2), 6–3
Loss 4–2 May 2006 Italian Open, Italy Tier I Clay Switzerland Martina Hingis 2–6, 5–7
Loss 4–3 Jun 2006 Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands Tier III Grass Netherlands Michaëlla Krajicek 3–6, 4–6
Win 5–3 Jan 2007 Australian Hard Court Championships, Australia Tier III Hard Switzerland Martina Hingis 6–3, 3–6, 7–5
Loss 5–4 Apr 2007 Charleston Open, United States Tier I Clay Serbia Jelena Janković 2–6, 2–6
Win 6–4 May 2008 Berlin Open, Germany Tier I Clay Russia Elena Dementieva 3–6, 6–2, 6–2
Loss 6–5 Jun 2008 French Open, France Grand Slam Clay Serbia Ana Ivanovic 4–6, 3–6
Loss 6–6 Jun 2008 Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands (2) Tier III Grass Thailand Tamarine Tanasugarn 5–7, 3–6
Win 7–6 Jul 2008 LA Championships, United States Tier II Hard Italy Flavia Pennetta 6–4, 6–2
Win 8–6 Aug 2008 Canadian Open, Canada Tier I Hard Slovakia Dominika Cibulková 6–2, 6–1
Loss 8–7 Aug 2008 Summer Olympics, China Olympics Hard Russia Elena Dementieva 6–3, 5–7, 3–6
Win 9–7 Sep 2008 Pan Pacific Open, Japan Tier I Hard Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–1, 6–3
Loss 9–8 Jan 2009 Sydney International, Australia Premier Hard Russia Elena Dementieva 3–6, 6–2, 1–6
Loss 9–9 Jan 2009 Australian Open, Australia Grand Slam Hard United States Serena Williams 0–6, 3–6
Loss 9–10 May 2009 Stuttgart Open, Germany Premier Clay (i) Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 4–6, 3–6
Win 10–10 May 2009 Italian Open, Italy Premier 5 Clay Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–3, 6–2
Win 11–10 May 2009 Madrid Open, Spain Premier M Clay Denmark Caroline Wozniacki 6–2, 6–4
Loss 11–11 Jun 2009 French Open, France (2) Grand Slam Clay Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 4–6, 2–6
Win 12–11 Jul 2009 Slovenia Open, Slovenia International Hard Italy Sara Errani 6–7(5–7), 6–1, 7–5
Loss 12–12 Aug 2009 Cincinnati Open, United States Premier 5 Hard Serbia Jelena Janković 4–6, 2–6

Doubles: 16 (9 titles, 7 runner-ups)

Legend
Grand Slam tournaments (1–1)
WTA 1000 (Premier M) (1–0)
WTA 500 (Tier II) (2–4)
WTA 250 (5–2)
Surface
Hard (7–6)
Grass (1–0)
Carpet (1–1)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Partner Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 Jan 2003 Canberra International, Australia Tier V Hard Czech Republic Dája Bedáňová Italy Tathiana Garbin
France Émilie Loit		 3–6, 6–3, 4–6
Loss 0–2 Jan 2004 Sydney International, Australia Tier II Hard United States Meghann Shaughnessy 5–7, 6–3, 4–6
Win 1–2 Sep 2004 China Open, China Tier II Hard Switzerland Emmanuelle Gagliardi 6–4, 6–4
Loss 1–3 Jan 2005 Hobart International, Australia Tier V Hard Spain Anabel Medina Garrigues 4–6, 5–7
Loss 1–4 Feb 2005 Open GDF Suez, France Tier II Hard (i) Spain Anabel Medina Garrigues 2–6, 6–2, 2–6
Loss 1–5 Feb 2005 Diamond Games, Belgium Tier II Carpet (i) Spain Anabel Medina Garrigues Zimbabwe Cara Black
Belgium Els Callens		 6–3, 4–6, 4–6
Win 2–5 Jun 2005 Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands Tier III Grass Spain Anabel Medina Garrigues Czech Republic Iveta Benešová
Spain Nuria Llagostera Vives		 6–4, 2–6, 7–6(13–11)
Win 3–5 Jan 2006 Australian Hard Court Championships, Australia Tier III Hard United States Meghann Shaughnessy Zimbabwe Cara Black
Australia Rennae Stubbs		 6–2, 6–3
Win 4–5 Feb 2006 Diamond Games, Belgium Tier II Carpet (i) Slovenia Katarina Srebotnik 6–1, 6–1
Loss 4–6 Sep 2006 US Open, United States Grand Slam Hard Slovenia Katarina Srebotnik 6–7(5–7), 5–7
Win 5–6 Jan 2007 Australian Hard Court Championships, Australia (2) Tier III Hard Slovenia Katarina Srebotnik 6–3, 6–4
Win 6–6 Sep 2007 US Open, United States Grand Slam Hard France Nathalie Dechy 6–4, 6–2
Loss 6–7 Oct 2007 Stuttgart Open, Germany Tier II Hard (i) Chinese Taipei Chan Yung-jan Czech Republic Květa Peschke
Australia Rennae Stubbs		 7–6(7–5), 6–7(4–7), [2–10]
Win 7–7 Jan 2008 Australian Hard Court Championships, Australia (3) Tier III Hard Hungary Ágnes Szávay China Yan Zi
China Zheng Jie		 6–1, 6–2
Win 8–7 Mar 2008 Indian Wells Open, United States Premier M Hard Russia Elena Vesnina China Yan Zi
China Zheng Jie		 6–1, 1–6, [10–8]
Win 9–7 Mar 2011 Malaysian Open, Malaysia International Hard Kazakhstan Galina Voskoboeva 7–5, 2–6, [10–5]

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 5 (4 titles, 1 runner-up)

Legend
$10,000 tournaments
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 Nov 2000 Mallorca, Spain 10,000 Clay Spain Rosa María Andrés Rodríguez 3-5 2-4 4-0 4-2 3-5
Win 1–1 Mar 2001 Rome, Italy 10,000 Clay Bulgaria Maria Geznenge 7–5, 6–0
Win 2–1 Feb 2002 Mallorca, Spain 10,000 Clay Georgia (country) Margalita Chakhnashvili 6–3, 3–6, 7–5
Win 3–1 Feb 2002 Las Palmas, Spain 10,000 Clay Czech Republic Libuše Průšová 2–6, 6–2, 6–1
Win 4–1 Mar 2002 Rome, Italy 10,000 Clay Croatia Karolina Šprem 6–7(3), 6–2, 6–3

Doubles: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)

Legend
$10,000 tournaments
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Partner Opponents Score
Loss 0–1 Jan 2001 Mallorca, Spain 10,000 Clay Russia Raissa Gourevitch Italy Germana Di Natale
Romania Andreea Ehritt-Vanc		 5–7, 6–3, 4–6
Win 1–1 Feb 2001 Mallorca, Spain 10,000 Clay Spain Rosa María Andrés Rodríguez Romania Oana Elena Golimbioschi
Romania Andreea Ehritt-Vanc		 6–2, 6–0
Win 2–1 Feb 2002 Mallorca, Spain 10,000 Clay Spain Rosa María Andrés Rodríguez Austria Jennifer Schmidt
Sweden Maria Wolfbrandt		 6–1, 6–2
Win 3–1 Mar 2002 Rome, Italy 10,000 Clay Italy Claudia Ivone Italy Silvia Disderi
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Milica Koprivica		 6–4, 6–3

WTA Tour career earnings

Year Grand Slam
titles[lower-alpha 9]		 WTA
titles[lower-alpha 9]		 Total
titles[lower-alpha 9]		 Earnings ($) Money list rank
2001–02 0 1 1 117,690 n/a
2003 0 1 1 188,874 62
2004 0 0 0 258,627 44
2005 0 2 2 478,417 28
2006 0 0 0 855,106 11
2007 0 1 1 1,017,267 11
2008 0 4 4 2,541,270 5
2009 0 3 3 4,310,218 2
2010 0 0 0 697,950 27
2011* 0 0 0 120,221 134
Career* 0 12 12 10,585,640 25

*As of October 31, 2011

Record against top 10 players

Top 10 wins

Season2005200620072008200920102011Total
Wins2411242126
# Player vsRank Event Surface Rd Score Rank
2005
1. France Amélie Mauresmo 4 Paris, France Carpet (i) F 6–4, 2–6, 6–3 48
2. Russia Maria Sharapova 1 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) QF 1–6, 6–4, 7–5 24
2006
3. Belgium Kim Clijsters 2 Rome, Italy Clay 3R 6–4, 7–6(7–2) 19
4. Russia Elena Dementieva 8 Rome, Italy Clay QF 6–1, 6–1 19
5. Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 10 Rome, Italy Clay SF 3–6, 6–4, 7–5 19
6. Russia Maria Sharapova 4 French Open, Paris Clay 4R 7–5, 2–6, 7–5 17
2007
7. Russia Anna Chakvetadze 6 Moscow, Russia Hard (i) 2R 7–6(8–6), 6–2 17
2008
8. Belgium Justine Henin 1 Berlin, Germany Clay 3R 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 17
9. United States Serena Williams 6 Berlin, Germany Clay QF 2–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5) 17
10. Russia Elena Dementieva 9 Berlin, Germany Clay F 3–6, 6–2, 6–2 17
11. Russia Maria Sharapova 1 French Open, Paris Clay 4R 6–7(6–8), 7–6(7–5), 6–2 14
12. Russia Elena Dementieva 8 French Open, Paris Clay QF 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 6–0 14
13. Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 4 French Open, Paris Clay SF 6–3, 6–2 14
14. Russia Elena Dementieva 5 Rosmalen, Netherlands Grass SF 6–3, 6–2 9
15. Serbia Jelena Janković 2 Los Angeles, United States Hard SF 7–6(7–3), 6–1 9
16. Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 4 Montreal, Canada Hard QF 2–6, 6–3, 6–2 8
17. Serbia Jelena Janković 1 Summer Olympics, Beijing Hard QF 6–2, 5–7, 6–3 6
18. Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 7 Tokyo, Japan Hard F 6–1, 6–3 5
19. Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 7 Moscow, Russia Hard (i) QF 6–4, 7–5 3
2009
20. Russia Vera Zvonareva 7 Australian Open, Melbourne Hard SF 6–3, 7–6(7–4) 3
21. United States Venus Williams 5 Rome, Italy Clay SF 6–7(3–7), 6–3, 6–4 1
22. Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova 8 Rome, Italy Clay F 6–3, 6–2 1
23. Belarus Victoria Azarenka 9 French Open, Paris Clay QF 1–6, 6–4, 6–2 1
2010
24. Poland Agnieszka Radwańska 10 Sydney, Australia Hard 2R 7–5, 6–4 2
25. Italy Francesca Schiavone 7 New Haven, United States Hard 1R 1–6, 6–3, 6–1 59
2011
26. Australia Samantha Stosur 4 Indian Wells, United States Hard 3R 7–6(7–2), 6–4 108

Longest winning streak

16-match win streak (2009)

# Tournament Category Start date Surface Rd Opponent Rank Score
– Stuttgart Open Premier 27 April 2009 Clay (i) F Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova (5) 9 4–6, 3–6
1 Italian Open Premier 5 4 May 2009 Clay 2R France Virginie Razzano 35 7–6(7–1), 6–1
2 3R China Zheng Jie (14) 17 5–7, 6–1, 7–6(7–3)
3 QF Spain María José Martínez Sánchez 48 4–6, 6–3, 6–0
4 SF United States Venus Williams (4) 5 6–7(3–7), 6–3, 6–4
5 F Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova (7) 8 6–3, 6–2
6 Madrid Open Premier Mandatory 11 May 2009 Clay 2R China Li Na 28 6–3, 7–6(7–2)
7 3R Czech Republic Lucie Šafářová 50 6–0, 4–6, 6–3
8 QF Ukraine Alona Bondarenko 46 6–4, 6–3
9 SF Switzerland Patty Schnyder 20 6–4, 6–2
10 F Denmark Caroline Wozniacki (9) 11 6–2, 6–4
11 French Open Grand Slam 24 May 2009 Clay 1R United Kingdom Anne Keothavong 48 6–0, 6–0
12 2R Russia Vitalia Diatchenko (Q) 153 6–1, 6–1
13 3R Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova (27) 27 6–2, 6–0
14 4R France Aravane Rezaï 57 6–1, 6–0
15 QF Belarus Victoria Azarenka (9) 9 1–6, 6–4, 6–2
16 SF Slovakia Dominika Cibulková (20) 19 6–3, 6–3
– F Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova (7) 7 4–6, 2–6

Notes

  1. ↑ Winning rate
  2. 1 2 Formerly known as:
    • Virginia Slims Championships (until 1995)
    • WTA Tour Championships (until 2014)
  3. 1 2 Elite tier:
  4. 1 2 Formerly known as:
    • Category 4 & 5 & 6 (until 1990)
    • Tier I (until 2009)
    • WTA Premier Mandatory and 5 (until 2021)
  5. 1 2 Formerly known as:
    • Category 3 (until 1990)
    • Tier II (until 2009)
    • WTA Premier (until 2021)
  6. 1 2 Formerly known as:
    • Category 1 & 2 (until 1990)
    • Tier III & IV & V (until 2009)
    • WTA International (until 2021)
  7. ↑ The first Premier 5 event of the year has switched back and forth between the Dubai Tennis Championships and the Qatar Total Open since 2009. Dubai was classified as a Premier 5 event from 2009 to 2011 before being succeeded by Doha for the 2012–2014 period. In 2015, Dubai regained its Premier 5 status while Doha was demoted to Premier status. The Premier 5 tournaments were reclassified as WTA 1000 tournaments in 2021.
  8. ↑ In 2009, the Berlin Open was replaced by the Madrid Open. The Premier Mandatory tournaments were reclassified as WTA 1000 tournaments in 2021.
  9. 1 2 3 Includes singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles.

References

  1. ↑ "Safina crushes Kuznetsova to claim Tokyo title". abc.net.au. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  2. ↑ "Dinara Safina defeats Caroline Wozniacki to win Madrid Open". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Safina gains swift revenge in Rome". timesofmalta.com. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  4. ↑ "French Open: Ana Ivanovic wins first Grand Slam with victory over Dinara Safina". The Telegraph. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "Olympics: Dementieva comes from behind to take gold". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  6. ↑ "Dinara Safina to topple Serena Williams as World No. 1". The Telegraph. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
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