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I had a couple of questions about virtual particles, as I am still learning. I know that virtual particles arise from quantum fluctuations in quantum fields. Here is what I am wondering:

  1. If a near-perfect vacuum was created in a closed system, would the entropy of the system be near zero? What about an isolated system?
  2. Do virtual particles appear more frequently near zero entropy? How would I go about calculating how many are created?
  3. Are virtual particles still affected by magnetic and electric fields?
  4. Can virtual particles release energy when they annihilate just like real matter-antimatter particles?

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