14

According to Bohr's atomic model, the electrons do not radiate energy when they revolve in the predefined orbits. But according to Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, an accelerated charge produces electromagnetic waves and loses energy.

In Bohr's atomic model of an atom the electrons are in a circular motion so they are essentially accelerating thus they should lose energy due to the reasons mentioned above and eventually collapse into the nucleus. But it doesn't happen, so isn't it a violation of the EM theory?

Edit: The question is related to consensus of Bohr and Maxwell rather than Rutherford and Bohr.

1 Answers1

24

Yes. Bohr's model is not really a theory at all -- it's just the observation that you get the right atomic spectra if you simply assume the particle may only have angular momentum $L = n \hbar$ and that the $n = 0$ state is stable. No reason is given for this, so of course it contradicts Maxwell's equations.

Bohr was simply trying to find the simplest assumptions that would fit the data. The real explanation is quantum mechanics, which of course is not compatible with classical electromagnetism. Roughly speaking, in quantum mechanics the configuration of the electron in a given orbital is a standing wave. Unlike classical particles, standing waves have a lowest possible frequency, which musicians know as the fundamental. When the electron is in this state, it can't lose any more energy, so it doesn't radiate.

knzhou
  • 107,105