New launcher:
The old launcher is one of those two files:
Delete whichever of these files exists.
Then you can just launch Eclipse by directly running its executable and then right-click on its launcher icon and select "Lock to launcher". This will probably create a simple .desktop file for Eclipse in the second location listed above (in your home directory).
Or if the automatic generation this way fails, you can still create s simple little .desktop file manually. Follow the steps below or look at How to pin Eclipse to the Unity launcher?
Open your favourite text editor, for example gedit.
Paste these lines into the editor:
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse
Comment=Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
Icon=~/eclipse/java-mars/eclipse/icon.xpm
Exec=~/eclipse/java-mars/eclipse/eclipse
Terminal=false
Categories=Development;IDE;Java;
StartupWMClass=Eclipse
Replace the path for Icon= and Exec= with the correct locations, if needed.
Save the file as ~/.local/share/applications/eclipse.desktop.
If it doesn't appear in the Dash's application lens, log out and back in.
New command:
To get an eclipse terminal command, follow the steps described below.
I will assume that the Eclipse executable is ~/eclipse/java-mars/eclipse/eclipse (that's how I remember the default installation path, please correct me if I'm wrong).
Create the directory ~/bin (default directory for custom or user-specific binaries) if it doesn't exist yet:
mkdir ~/bin
Ignore possible errors that end with File exists.
Only if ~/bin did not exist yet (or if you're not sure), you have to do this step to let the Shell know that it should look for executables here:
Make a symbolic link to the Eclipse executable inside ~/bin.
ln -s ~/eclipse/java-mars/eclipse/eclipse ~/bin/eclipse
Make the new link executable for your user:
chmod u+x ~/bin/eclipse
Now you should be able to just enter eclipse into your terminal to open the IDE.