I faced the same problem on Ubuntu 24.04 beta, on GNOME / Ubuntu desktops, using my preferred cursor theme DMZ-White. When the mouse is over the top bar or the dock/launcher (whatever it's called), the mouse pointer is a light gray (almost white) square.
It seems to me that the icon theme is missing the default file. For me this solution worked:
Check which cursor theme you're using. Start gnome-tweaks and go to Appearance -> Styles -> Cursor.
In a terminal, navigate to its directory under /usr/share/icons and then the cursors subdirectory underneath, e.g.
cd /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White/cursors/
(The cursor theme's name may not directly map to the filesystem directory name, use common sense to find it.)
Then create the missing symbolic link (or copy the file):
sudo ln -s left_ptr default
Then switch to a different cursor theme in gnome-tweaks and back to this one, for the change to take effect. Or log out and log back in.