Let's start from the existing ones. For example Oblivion color scheme:
$ dpkg -S oblivion
libgtksourceview-3.0-common: /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion.xml
The line above says that this file came from libgtksourceview-3.0-common package.
It is XML file. Its syntax is covered by Style Scheme Definition Reference.
To start hacking one can create local version of Oblivion theme by copying it to the corresponding folder and renaming it to Oblivion-mod:
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles
cp /usr/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion.xml ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml
sed -i "s/oblivion/oblivion-mod/g" ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml
sed -i "s/Oblivion/Oblivion-mod/g" ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml
sed -i "s/Dark color/Modified dark color/" ~/.local/share/gtksourceview-3.0/styles/oblivion-mod.xml
and then apply this theme and continously edit the file.
Also note that there are some style collections on the net:
- https://www.gnome-look.org/browse/cat/279/order/latest/
- https://github.com/trusktr/gedit-color-schemes