According to the wiki as of Ubuntu 18.04.1 Python 2 is no longer installed by default. Python 3 has been updated to 3.6. This is the last LTS release to include Python 2 in main.
I would imagine that there are a number of ways that you could replace the included Python 3.6 with your own version. As any radical change to your system can render it inoperable, best practices indicate that the first thing you should do is backup. Once your backup is complete you can proceed to try whatever you like to solve your problem as in the worst case you can always return to where you began and start over with a new approach.
One of the ways that comes to mind is to use an alias. This is dead simple but may have unintended consequences.
Another slightly more complex possibility would be to setup a VM with an installation that you remove Python3.6 from and install your version from source on to take it's place.
A third possibility would be to setup virtual environment for python3.
Regretfully I am currently 1800 miles from home and can't currently test any of this, but hopefully it's enough to get you started. If anything in this answer is unclear, drop me a comment and I'll attempt to clarify upon my return.
Sources:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes
What's a good back-up strategy for 1 desktop PC?
How do I create a permanent Bash alias?
How to install VirtualBox?
https://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-python-ubuntu/