Fossil fuel exporters
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are exported from various source countries to countries reliant on these fossil fuels. Fossil fuel exports are dominated by a relatively small group of countries, many of which derive a significant portion of their export revenues and government income from these resources.[1]
According to Climate Action Tracker, in 2022 the ten largest fossil fuel exporters are responsible for roughly 60% of all exported fossil fuel emissions. Russia contributes the most to global emissions from fossil fuel exports overall, due to its large exports of oil, gas, and coal. Australia and Indonesia are major coal exporters, while the United States leads in emissions from gas exports and Saudi Arabia in those from oil. Together, the top six exporters (Russia, Australia, the US, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Canada) account for half of all fossil fuel export-related emissions.[2]
Coal trade was expected to reach an all-time high in 2024. Asia Pacific accounting for 84% of global coal imports in 2023.[3]
Petroleum
This is a list of countries by oil exports mostly based on The World Factbook:[4]
| Rank | Country/region | Oil - exports | Date of information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Saudi Arabia | 6,658,642 bbl/d (1,058,639.5 m3/d) | 2020 est. |
| 2 |  Russia | 4,653,500 bbl/d (739,850 m3/d) | 2020 est. |
| 3 |  Iraq | 3,428,379 bbl/d (545,068.7 m3/d) | 2020 est. |
| 4 | .svg.png){kind=small} Canada | 3,037,668 bbl/d (482,950.6 m3/d) | 2020 |
| 5 |  Iran | 2,700,000 bbl/d (430,000 m3/d) | 2021 est. |
| 6 |  United Arab Emirates | 2,418,388 bbl/d (384,493.0 m3/d) | 2020 |
| 7 |  Nigeria | 1,879,288 bbl/d (298,782.9 m3/d) | 2020 |
| 8 |  Kuwait | 1,826,331 bbl/d (290,363.4 m3/d) | 2020 |
| 9 |  Norway | 1,501,768 bbl/d (238,762.0 m3/d) | 2020 |
| 10 |  Kazakhstan | 1,410,917 bbl/d (224,317.9 m3/d) | 2019 est. |
Natural gas
This is a list of countries by natural gas exports mostly based on The World Factbook:[5]
| Rank | Country/region | Natural gas - exports (cu m) | Date of information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 199,928,345,000 | 2020 est. |
| 2 |  United States | 149,538,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 3 |  Qatar | 143,700,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 4 | Norway | 112,951,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 5 | .svg.png){kind=small} Australia | 102,262,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 6 | Canada | 70,932,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 7 |  Germany | 50,092,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 8 |  Netherlands | 39,976,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 9 |  Algeria | 39,459,000,000 | 2020 est. |
| 10 | Nigeria | 35,586,138,000 | 2020 est. |
Coal
This is a list of countries by coal exports mostly based on US Energy Information Administration:[6]
| Rank | Country | Coal - exports (thousand short tons) | Date of information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Indonesia | 451,520 | 2020 |
| 2 | Australia | 429,894 | 2020 |
| 3 | Russia | 244,312 | 2020 |
| 4 |  South Africa | 82,573 | 2020 |
| 5 |  Colombia | 74,775 | 2020 |
| 6 | United States | 69,067 | 2020 |
| 7 | Canada | 35,217 | 2020 |
| 8 |  Mongolia | 31,472 | 2020 |
| 9 | Netherlands | 21,572 | 2020 |
| 10 |  Mozambique | 9,210 | 2020 |
References
- ↑ UNDP (May 15, 2023). "Global Decarbonization in Fossil Fuel Export-Dependent Economies". UNDP. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ↑ Climate Action Tracker. "Highlighting the hypocrisy: fossil fuel export emissions". climateactiontracker.org. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ↑ IEA. "Trade – Coal 2024 – Analysis". IEA. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ↑ "The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-07-12.
- ↑ "The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-04-27.
- ↑ "International Energy Statistics". tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-17.