• Trees of India
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  Shailendra Tree -- Vachellia nilotica
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  Indian Almond -- Terminalia catappa -- जंगली बादाम Jaṅgalī bādāma in Hindi and Marathi."badam" in Telugu, ""Badami kaayi" in Kannada
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  Banyan -- Ficus Benghalensis -- वटवृक्ष in Sanskrit; वड in Marathi; "Aall/Aala Maram in Tamil"."Marri" in Telugu, "Aalada mara" ಆಲದ ಮರ in Kannada
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  Jujube Tree-- Ziziphus mauritiana -- बदरी (Badarī) in Sanskrit; बेर in Hindi and Bhojpuri; बोर in Marathi; Kul in Bengali; இலந்தை in Tamil)
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  Umbrella or Portia Tree -- Thespesia populnea -- पार्श्वपिप्पल (Pārśvapippala) in Sanskrit; पारोसा पिंपळ, आष्ट, पिंपरणी, पारस भेंडी in Marathi; பூவரசு in Tamil; గంగరావి in Telugu.
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  Cannon-ball Tree -- Couroupita guianensis -- कैलाशपति in Marathi; नागलिंगम in Hindi,Tamil & Bengali
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  Coastal She-Oak -- Casuarina equisetifolia -- विलायती सरू in Hindi; जंगली सरू in Marathi; in Tamil சவுக்கு மரம், and in Bengali(বাংলা)Jhau (ঝাউ). "sarugudu" in Telugu, GaaLi mara in Kannada
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  Coconut Palm -- Cocos nucifera -- नारिकेल in Sanskrit; नारळ in Marathi; नारियल in Hindi; नरीअर in Bhojpuri; "தென்னை மரம் " in Tamil.in Bengali( বাংলা) Narikel(নারিকেল)."kobbari " in Telugu, ತೆಂಗಿನ ಕಾಯಿ Tengina kaayi in Kannada
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  Copperpod(Rusty Shield Bearer) -- Peltophorum pterocarpum -- ताम्रशिंबी in Sanskrit and Marathi, Lya Vakai in Tamil & Kon-dachinta in Telugu) -- Peltophorum pterocarpum
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  Coralwood Tree (in Bengali it is called Rakta kambal, in Marathi Thorligunj or Ratangunj, in Telugu Bandi guruvendi and in Tamil Anikundumani அணிகுண்டுமணி ) -- Adenanthera pavonina
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  Drumstick Tree (Horse-radish, Munga Soudha in Hindi, Sojne in Bengali, Sahajan in Bhojpuri, Shevga-शेवगा in Marathi, Nugge kayi in Kannada, Midhosaragavo in Gujarati, Mulaga in Telugu and Murungai Maram முருங்கை மரம் in Tamil;the fruit is Murungaikkai in Tamil and Malayalam) -- Moringa Oleifera
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  Gulmohar ("Fire of the Forest",Flamboyant, Royal Peacock flower, Royal Gold Mohur or Fire tree, Mayaram மயரம் in Tamil,Neruppukkondrai Maram in Tamil, Shima Sankesula in Telugu, Krishnachura in Bengali and Gulmohr-गुलमोहर in Marathi) -- Delonix (or Poinciana) regia, commonly called "turrai " in Telugu
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  Indian Coral Tree (Mandara in Sanskrit, Hindi and Bengali, Mandaram in Malayalam, Kalyana Murungai கல்யாண முருங்கை in Tamil, Pangara-पांगारा in Marathi) -- Erythrina indica or variegata
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  Indian Cork Tree (Jasmine tree, Akas nim or Nim chameli in Hindi, karkku கர்க்கு in Tamil, Kavuku in Telugu) -- Millingtonia hortensis
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  Java Plum (Black Plum, Jamun in Hindi and Bhojpuri, Kala Jambu in Gujarati, Kalojam in Bengali, ನೇರಳೆ NeraLe in Kannada, Jambhul-जांभूळ in Marathi and Naval or Nagal in Tamil) -- Eugenia jambolana, or Syzygium cumini "neredu " in Telugu
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  Mango -- Mangifera indica the tree is Maa Maram & the fruit is Maangaai மாம்பழம் in Tamil. The fruit is called Keri in Gujarati, आंबा in Marathi and Aam in Hindi and Bhojpuri], "maamidi" in Telugu, ಮಾವಿನ ಕಾಯಿMaavina kaayi in Kannada I..
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  Mast Tree (Cemetery tree, Ashoka or Debdaru in Hindi, Ashoka or Devdaar in Marathi, Asopala in Gujarati, Nara in Telugu, devadaaru in Kannada and Debdaru in Bengali) -- Polyalthia longifolia
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  Mudilla -- Barringtonia asiatica
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  Neem -- Azadirachta indica Vaembu or Vaeppa Maram வேப்ப மரம் in Tamil], " कडुलिंब" in Marathi, "vepa" in Telugu, ಬೇವಿನ ಮರ BEvina mara in Kannada
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  Sacred fig -- (Bo tree, pipal in Hindi, Asvattha in Bengali, ಅರಳಿ ಮರ araLi mara in Kannada, Jari in Gujarati, Pimpal-पिंपळ in Marathi and Ashvatthame in Telugu, Arasu/Arasa Maram அரச மரம் in Tamil) -- Ficus religiosa
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  Curry Tree ("Karivaepilai கருவேப்பிலை in Tamil" or Kadipatta) -- Murraya koenigii; syn. Bergera koenigii, Chalcas koenigii"karivepa " in Telugu, karibevu in Kannada, कडिपत्ता in Marathi
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  Indian Beech (Karanj or कारंजा in Hindi, Bengali, Marathi and Gujarati, Pungam புங்கம் in Tamil, Pungu in Telugu) -- Pongamia pinnata
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  Queen's Flower (Pride of India, or Crepe flower, Taman (तामण) or Mota bondara in Marathi, Arjuna in Hindi, Jarul in Bengali, Kaduli கடுலி in Tamil and Vara gogu in Telugu) -- Lagerstroemia speciosa
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  Rain Tree (Saman or Guango in Marathi, Belaiti Siris in Hindi, and Thoonguvaagai/Thoongumoonji Maram தூங்குவாகை in Tamil;ie.,sleeping tree,as the Leaves of this tree is closed after sun set) -- Samanea saman or Albizia saman
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  (Silk) Cotton Tree (called काटे-सावरी (Kāte sāvarī), Savar, or Saur in Maharashtra, Simal or Shimbal in Hindi, hatti mara in Kannada, Shimul in Bengali, Ilavu/Ilava Maram இலவ மரம் in Tamil and Malayalam and Salmali in ) -- Bombax malabaricum, or Bombax ceiba"booruga " in Telugu
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  Tamarind (Imli in Hindi, Puli-புளி in Tamil, Chinta in Telugu, Tentul in Bengali, Chinch-चिंच in Marathi and Amli in Gujarati; hunise hannu in Kannada, the Persian name Tamar-i-hind means Indian date) -- Tamarindus indica
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  (Common) Teak (Indian Oak, Saigun in Hindi, Saka in Sanskrit, Sag-साग in Marathi, Shegun in Bengali, tega in Kannada and Saga in Gujarati) -- Tectona grandis
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  Temple Tree (Champa, Frangipani and Pagoda tree; Khera chapha or Pandhra chapha-पांढरा चाफा in Marathi, Chameli or Gulechin in Hindi, Kath champa in Bengali, Rhada Champo in Gujarati, Arali in Tamil) -- Plumeria rubra (also called Plumeria acuminata or Plumeria acutifolia)
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  African Tulip Tree (Bell Flambeau, Scarlet Bell tree, Fountain tree, Syringe tree, Squirt tree and sometimes wrongly Flame tree; Rudrapalash in Bengali, पिचकारी (Pichkari) in Marathi and Hindi, Patade in Telugu and Patadi in Tamil) -- Spathodea campanulata
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  Flame of the Forest (Kimshuka or Palasa in Sanskrit, Palash in Bengali and Hindi, Porasum in Tamil, Parrot Tree) -- Butea monosperma
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  Asoka (Sorrowless Tree) -- Saraca indica
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  Wild Almond (also called bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, Indian almond; in Hindi & Bengali: jangli badam; in Tamil: gorapu-badam, gurapu-vadam, pottaikavalam)^[1] -- Sterculia foetida
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  Jacaranda (Blue Jacaranda, Palisander, Nupur नुपुर, Neelmohar नीलमोहर, Green Ebony Tree) -- Jacaranda mimosifolia
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  Baobab (Gorak amli & goram lichora in Hindi, Gorak chinch in Gujarati, Paparapulia & Perruka in Tamil) -- Adansonia digitata
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  Pink Cassia (Pu vakai in Tamil, Konna in Malayalam, Horse Cassia, Pink Shower) -- Cassia grandis
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  Beleric myrabolan or bastard myrabolan (Sabera in Hindi, Tani & tanti in Tamil) -- Terminalia bellirica
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  Jackfruit tree (Kanthal in Bengali, Kathal in Hindi, Pila & Palaa in Tamil, फणस (Phañas) in Marathi, Plaav or Plaavu in Malayalam, Panasa in Sanskrit, halasu in Kannada and Telugu) -- Artocarpus heterophyllus or A. heterophylla^[2]
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  Indian Laburnum -- Cassia fistula (kanikkonna in Malayalam & kondrai in Tamil)
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  Bead Tree -- Melia azedarach
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  Golden Champa (Champa & Champaka in Bengali & Hindi, चंपा or चाफा (champā or chāphā) in Marathi , Chembuga & Chambugam in Tamil, Champaka in Telugu, Champakam in Malayalam, Sampige in Kannada) -- Michelia champaca
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  Karnikar (Son Chapha-सोनचाफा in Marathi, Muchukunda in Bengali, Kanak Champa, Kaniar, Katha Champa in Hindi) -- Pterospermum acerifolium
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  Alexandrian laurel (Kath Champa, Sultana Champa, Punnaga in Sanskrit and Bengali, Sultana Champa, Surpan, Undi, Surpunka in Hindi, Pinnai & Punnagam in Tamil) -- Calophyllum inophyllum
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  Mohwa (Mohwa, Mahula, Banmahuva, Maul in Bengali, Madhuka in Sanskrit, Mohwa, Mahua, Jangli-mona, Maul in Hindi, मोह (moha) in Marathi, Kat-illipi, Illupai in Tamil) -- Madhuca latifolia, or Madhuca longifolia
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  Scarlet Cordia -- Cordia sebestena
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  Papaya (Papaya, Papita in Hindi & pepe or pe(n)pe in Bengali, पपई in Marathi, Parangi in Kannada, Pappali in Tamil,Boppai in Telugu
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  Palmyra (Brab Tree, Toddy Palm, Tala Palm), "பனை மரம்" in Tamil, "ताड" in Marathi ," తాటి చెట్టు" in Telugu -- Borassus flabellifer
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  Fish-tail Palm (Toddy Palm, Kitul Palm, Jaggery Palm, Wine Palm, Sago Palm) -- Caryota urens
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  Royal Palm (Mountain Glory, Bottle Palm) -- Roystonea regia
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  Wild Date Palm (Sendhi, Salma, Khaji, Khajur in Hindi, "खजूर" khajūr in Marathi, Khejur in Bengali,Kharjoora in Kannada, Itcham-pannai, "Paereecham in Tamil") -- Phoenix sylvestris
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  Areca (Supari in Hindi & Bengali,सुपारी ( supārī)in Marathi, Kamugu, Paakku (fruit) in Tamil, Kavugu, Adike in Kannada, Adakka-maram in Malayalam) -- Areca catechu
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  Bilimbi (balimbing, bimbli, belimbing, cucumber tree, tree sorrel) -- Averrhoa bilimbi
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  Madras Thorn (Manila Tamarind, Vilayati Ambli in Gujarati, Jungle Jalebi or Ganga Imli in Hindi, रानचिंच (rān chincha) in Marathi, Seeme Hunase in Kannada,సీమ చింతకాయ in Telugu,Kodukkai Puli Maram in Tamil) -- Pithecellobium dulce
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  Bael (Bilva, Bilwa, Bel, Kuvalam, Koovalam, Madtoum, or Beli fruit, Bengal Quince, Stone Apple, and Wood Apple) -- Aegle marmelos
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  Saptaparni (Blackboard Tree, Indian Devil Tree, Chhatim in Bengali, सप्तपर्णी in Marathi, Ditabark, Milkwood Pine, White Cheesewood and Pulai) -- Alstonia scholaris
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  Khair (Catechu, Cachou and Black Cutch) -- Acacia catechu
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  Shisham (Sissoo, Sisu, Sheesham, Tahli and Indian Rosewood) -- Dalbergia sissoo
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  Indian gooseberry (Amalaka in Sanskrit, amla in Hindi, आवळा (āwaLā) in Marathi, Amlaki in Bengali, Nellikkai in Kannada and Tamil), ఉసిరి in Telugu -- Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis
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  Kokum कोकम in Marathi (आमसुल in Marathi and Kokani, Bindin, Biran, Bhirand, Bhinda, Bhrinda, Brinda, mangosteen, wild mangosteen, red mango) -- Garcinia indica
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  Gamhar (Khamara in Hindi, Kulimavu in Kannada, Mara and Shivani in Kashmiri, शिवान् in Marathi) -- Gmelina arborea
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  Bullet Wood Tree (Bakul बकुळ) -- Mimusops elengi
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  Red Sandalwood (Red Sanders, रक्तचंदन Rakta Chandana) -- Pterocarpus santalinus
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  Toothbrush Tree (Arak, Galenia asiatica, Peelu, Pilu, Salvadora indica, Miswak मेसवाक) -- Salvadora persica
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  White or East Indian Sandalwood (Chandan in Hindi and Bengali, Chandana in Sanskrit चंदन-गंध or simply चंदन in Marathi , Sri Gandha in Kannada) -- Santalum album
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  Bhallatak (Biba, Ker in Kannada) -- Semecarpus anacardium
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  Desert Teak or Marwar Teak -- Tecomella undulata
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  Arjun -- Terminalia arjuna
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  Black Myrobalan or Chebulic Myrobalan -- Terminalia chebula
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  Cashew "Mundhiri in Tamil" "काजू" in Marathi and Hindi,జీడి in Telugu -- Anacardium occidentale; syn. Anacardium curatellifolium
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  Sal -- Shorea robusta
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  Rubber Fig or Rubber Plant -- Ficus elastica
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  Common Fig "अंजीर" in Marathi and Hindi -- Ficus carica

Sources: Common Trees of India, Pippa Mukherjee, World Wildlife Fund India/ Oxford University Press 1983, Flowering Trees and Shrubs in India, D.V. Cowen

Mahua

References