| Punctum | |
|---|---|
![]()  | |
| Punctum minutissimum | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota | 
| Kingdom: | Animalia | 
| Phylum: | Mollusca | 
| Class: | Gastropoda | 
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia | 
| Superorder: | Eupulmonata | 
| Order: | Stylommatophora | 
| Family: | Punctidae | 
| Genus: | Punctum Morse, 1864[1]  | 
| Type species | |
| Helix minutissima I. Lea, 1841  | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
  | |
Punctum is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Punctinae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails. [2]
Distribution
This genus is found throughout the Holarctic ecozone, and also in South Africa and Mexico.[3]
Species
The genus Punctum includes the following species:
The type species is Helix minutissima Lea, 1841
- Punctum abbadianum (Bourguignat, 1883)
 - Punctum adami Bruggen & Goethem, 2001
 - † Punctum alveus Pierce, 1992
 - Punctum amblygonum (Reinhardt, 1877)
 - Punctum apertum Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 - Punctum atomus Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
 - Punctum azoricum De Winter, 1988[4]
 - Punctum blandianum Pilsbry, 1900
 - Punctum boreale Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
 - Punctum bristoli (Gulick,1904)
 - Punctum brucei (Jickeli, 1874)
 - Punctum californicum Pilsbry, 1898
 - Punctum camerunense de Winter, 2017
 - Punctum depressum Odhner, 1922
 - Punctum elachistum Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 - Punctum hainanensis (Möllendorff, 1887)
 - Punctum hannai B. Roth, 1985
 - Punctum horneri Ancey, 1904
 - Punctum infans Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 - Punctum japonicum Pilsbry, 1900
 - Punctum kilimanjaricum Verdcourt, 1978
 - Punctum lepta (Westerlund, 1883)
 - Punctum lozeki Horsák & Meng, 2018
 - Punctum micropleuros (Paget, 1854)
 - Punctum minutissimum I. Lea, 1841 - but Helix minutissima may be considered as a synonym of Punctum pygmaeum[5]
 - Punctum mokotoense Abdou & Bouchet, 2000
 - Punctum morseanum Pilsbry, 1902
 - Punctum nimbaense de Winter, 2017
 - † Punctum oligocaenicum Zinndorf, 1901
 - Punctum orphana (Heude, 1882)
 - Punctum pallidum Connolly, 1922[6]
 - † Punctum parvulum Gottschick, 1920
 - † Punctum parvulum A. B. Leonard, 1972 (unreplaced junior homonym; junior homonym of † Punctum parvulum Gottschick, 1920; no replacement name is available))
 - † Punctum patagonicum Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016
 - Punctum petiti Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1971
 - Punctum polynesicum Solem, 1983
 - † Punctum propygmaeum Andreae, 1904
 - † Punctum pumilio Jooss, 1918
 - Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801)[7][4] - type species
 - Punctum randolphi Dall, 1895
 - Punctum rota Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
 - Punctum seychellarum Gerlach, 1998
 - Punctum smithi Morrison, 1935
 - Punctum taiwanicum Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905
 - Punctum ugandanum (E. A. Smith, 1903)[6]
 - Punctum ussuriense Likharev & Rammelmeyer, 1952
 - Punctum vitreum H. B. Baker, 1930
 
- Synonyms
 
- Punctum (Toltecia) Pilsbry, 1926: synonym of Paralaoma Iredale, 1913
 - Punctum abyssinicum (Jickeli, 1874): synonym of Trachycystis abyssinica (Jickeli, 1874)
 - Punctum clappi Pilsbry, 1898: synonym of Planogyra clappi (Pilsbry, 1898) (original combination)
 - Punctum conicum Odhner, 1922: synonym of Sinployea conica (Odhner, 1922) (original combination)
 - Punctum conspectum (Bland, 1865): synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
 - Punctum cryophilum (E. von Martens, 1865): synonym of Toltecia pusilla (Lowe, 1831): synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852)
 - Punctum homalospira (Morelet, 1883): synonym of Psichion homalospira (Morelet, 1883) (superseded combination)
 - Punctum hottentotum (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891): synonym of Paralaoma hottentota (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891) (superseded combination)
 - Punctum lederi (O. Boettger, 1880): synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (invalid combination)
 - † Punctum victoris (Michaud, 1862): synonym of † Lucilla victoris (Michaud, 1862)
 
References
- ↑ Morse E. S. 1864. Observations on the terrestrial Pulmonifera, including a catalogue of all species of terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca known to inhabit the state. Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History 1 (1): 1-63, Pl. I-II [= 1-2 ], 3-10.
 - 1 2 MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Punctum Morse, 1864. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=866756 on 2022-03-03
 - ↑ Pilsbry H.A. 1948. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs, 3, vol. 2 part 2: 521-1113.
 - 1 2 "Species in genus Punctum" Archived 2019-09-17 at the Wayback Machine (n=2). AnimalBase, accessed 5 July 2011.
 - ↑ "Synonyms of Helix pygmaea. accessed 5 July 2011.
 - 1 2 Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76(1): 87-100. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp048.
 - ↑ Draparnaud J. P. R. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. pp. [1-2], 1-116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson).
 
- Fujie, A. (2000). Holocene Fossil Assemblages of Minute Land Molluscs from Sand Dunes on Kikaijima lsland in the Amami Archipelago, Japan. Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan). 59 (4): 317-324
 
External links
- AnimalBase info
 - Morse, E. S. (1864). Observations on the terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, including a catalogue of all the species of terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca known to inhabit the state. Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. 1(1): 1-63, pls 1-10
 - Pfeiffer, L. (1878-1881). Nomenclator heliceorum viventium. [Posthumous work edited by S. Clessin. Fischer: Cassel. 617 pp. See Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 for section dates. pp. 1–64, 1878; 65–192, 1879; 193–400, 1879–80; 401–546, 1881; 547–617, 1881]
 
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