Ophiorrhiza
Ophiorrhiza mungos
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Rubioideae
Tribe: Ophiorrhizeae
Genus: Ophiorrhiza
L.
Species[1]

372; see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Campanocalyx Valeton (1910)
  • Hayataella Masam. (1934)
  • Keenania Hook.f. (1880)
  • Mitreola Boehm. (1760)
  • Mungos Adans. (1763)
  • Pleotheca Wall. (1831), nom. nud.
  • Spiradiclis Blume (1826)

Ophiorrhiza is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family (Rubiaceae). It contains 372 species native to the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, China, Japan, Malesia, Papuasia, Queensland, and the South Pacific.[1] Species of the genus contain camptothecin, an alkaloid used to make chemotherapeutic agents.[2][3] Many Ophiorrhiza species are endemic to certain areas of the Western Ghats.

Species include:

  • Ophiorrhiza acuminata[4]
  • Ophiorrhiza blumeana[5]
  • Ophiorrhiza bracteata[5]
  • Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis
  • Ophiorrhiza carinata
  • Ophiorrhiza caudata[2]
  • Ophiorrhiza dulongensis
  • Ophiorrhiza filistipula
  • Ophiorrhiza japonica
  • Ophiorrhiza kuroiwai[6]
  • Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis[4]
  • Ophiorrhiza longiflora
  • Ophiorrhiza lurida
  • Ophiorrhiza major[5]
  • Ophiorrhiza michelloides[7][8]
  • Ophiorrhiza mungos
  • Ophiorrhiza nutans
  • Ophiorrhiza prostrata[9]
  • Ophiorrhiza pumila[4][10]
  • Ophiorrhiza rosea
  • Ophiorrhiza rugosa
  • Ophiorrhiza succirubra
  • Ophiorrhiza meenachilarensis[11][12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Ophiorrhiza L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 Joseph, G. and J. P. Joseph. Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza caudata (Rubiaceae) from the Western Ghats of Kerala. Rheedia 19 45.
  3. ↑ Viraporn, V., et al. (2010). Correlation of camptothecin-producing ability and phylogenetic relationship in the genus Ophiorrhiza. Planta Med. in pub.
  4. 1 2 3 Sirikantaramas, S., et al. (2008). Mutations in topoisomerase I as a self-resistance mechanism coevolved with the production of the anticancer alkaloid camptothecin in plants. PNAS 105:18 6782.
  5. 1 2 3 Arbain, D, et al. (1998). Unusual indole alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza blumeana Korth. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1.
  6. ↑ Asano, T., et al. (2004). Camptothecin production by in vitro cultures of Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis and O. kuroiwai. Plant Biotechnology 21:4 275.
  7. ↑ Chu, F., et al. (2006). Taxonomic Status of Ophiorrhiza michelloides (Masam.) X. R. Lo (Rubiaceae) in Taiwan. Taiwania 51:2 143.
  8. ↑ Nakamura, K., et al. (2006). Phylogenetic systematics of the monotypic genus Hayataella (Rubiaceae) endemic to Taiwan. Journal of Plant Research 119:657–661.
  9. ↑ Beegum, A. S., et al. (2007). Organogenesis from leaf and internode explants of Ophiorrhiza prostrata, an anticancer drug (camptothecin) producing plant. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 10:1.
  10. ↑ Nakamura, K., et al. (2006). Homostyly and autogamy in Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Journal of Japanese Botany 81:113–120.
  11. ↑ "meenachilarensis". universityofflorence.medium.com. universityofflorence.medium.com. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography". Webbia. oaj.fupress.net. 75 (2): 231–236. 18 November 2020. doi:10.36253/jopt-8508. S2CID 230636509. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
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