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Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
- Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
D
- Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783)[1][2][3][4]
- Damascius (c. 462–540)[1][2][4]
- Peter Damian (c. 1007–1072)[2][4][5]
- Hubert Damisch (1928–2017)
- Arthur Danto (1924–2013)[1][2][3]
- Charles Darwin (1809–1882)[2][4]
- Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802)[2]
- David of Dinant (12th century)[2][4]
- David the Invincible (late 6th century)[5]
- Donald Davidson (1917–2003)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Angela Davis (born 1944)
- Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (1426–1502)[4]
- Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)[2][3][4][5]
- Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985)[2][3]
- Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821)[1][2][3]
- Paul de Man (1919–1983)[4]
- Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871)[1][2][3][4]
- Francesco de Sanctis (1817–1883)[2]
- Guy Debord (1931–1994)
- Régis Debray (born 1940)
- Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)[1][3][4]
- Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865)
- Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)[2][3][4][5]
- Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993)
- Elijah Delmedigo (1460–1497)[4][5]
- Giorgio Del Vecchio (1878–1970)[2]
- Democritus (460–370 BC)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Alain Deneault (born 1970)
- Daniel Dennett (born 1942)[1][2][3][4]
- Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis) (1402–1471)[4]
- Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)[1][2][3][4][5]
- René Descartes (1596–1650)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Vincent Descombes (born 1943)
- Robert Desgabets (1610–1678)[2][4][5]
- Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836)[2]
- Paul Deussen (1845–1919)[2]
- Alejandro Deustua (1849–1945)[2]
- John Dewey (1859–1952)[1][3][4][5]
- Dharmakirti (c. 7th century)[1][4][5]
- Albert Venn Dicey (1835–1922)[4]
- Denis Diderot (1713–1784)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Dietrich of Freiberg (13th century)[4][5]
- Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888)
- Kenelm Digby (1603–1665)[4]
- Dignaga (c. 480–c. 540)[4]
- Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Hugo Dingler (1881–1954)[2]
- Diodorus Cronus (3rd century BC)[2][4][5]
- Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century)[2][3][4]
- Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BC)[2][4]
- Diogenes of Babylon (c. 230–c. 150/140 BC)
- Diogenes of Oenoanda (2nd century)[4]
- Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope (412–323 BC)[2][3][4]
- Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen) (1200–1253)[2][3][4]
- Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu) (c. 176–c. 104)[1][2][4]
- Herman Dooyeweerd (1894–1977)[4]
- Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881)[2][4]
- Frederick Douglass (1818–1895)[5]
- Fred Dretske (1932–2013)[1][2][3]
- Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (1867–1941)[2]
- W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)[5]
- Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896)[4]
- Jean-Baptiste Dubos (1670–1742)[2][5]
- Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749)[4][5]
- Guillaume du Vair (1556–1621)[1]
- Curt Ducasse (1881–1969)[1][2][3][4]
- Pierre Duhem (1861–1916)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Eugen Dühring (1833–1921)[2][3][4]
- Michael Dummett (1925–2011)[1][2][3][4]
- Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987)
- James Dunbar (1742–1798)
- Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349–c. 1414)[4]
- Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz) (1361–1444)[4]
- Durandus of St. Pourçain (c. 1275–1334)[2][4]
- Will Durant (1885–1981)
- Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)[2][3][4]
- Enrique Dussel (born 1934)
- Andrea Dworkin (1946–2005)
- Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013)[1][2][3][4]
E
- Jonathan Earle (born 1970)[2]
- John Earman (born 1942)[2]
- Johann Augustus Eberhard (1739–1809)[2][4]
- Meister Eckhart (1260–1327/8)[1][2][4][5]
- Umberto Eco (1932–2016)[1]
- Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944)[2]
- Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Paul Edwards (1923–2004)[3]
- Christian von Ehrenfels (1856–1932)[2][5]
- Albert Einstein (1879–1955)[1][2][3][4]
- Mircea Eliade (1907–1986)[4]
- Elias (6th century)[5]
- George Eliot (1819–1880)[2][4]
- T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)[2]
- Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–1680)[1][2][4][5]
- Jon Elster (born 1940)[3]
- Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Empedocles (490 BC–430 BC)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)[1][2][3][4]
- Epicharmus (c. 540–450 BC)[4]
- Epictetus (AD 55–c. 135)[2][3][4][5]
- Epicurus (341 BC–270 BC)[2][3][4][5]
- Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 800–c. 880)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926)[2]
- Eudoxus of Cnidus (410/408 BC–355 or 347 BC)[1][4]
- Eusebius of Caesarea (264–339)[2][4]
- Gareth Evans (1946–1980)[2][3][4]
F
- Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003)[4]
- Thome H. Fang (1899–1976)[1]
- Frantz Fanon (1925–1961)[3][4][5]
- Al-Farabi (870–950)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Michael Faraday (1791–1867)[2]
- Michelangelo Fardella (1646–1718)[4]
- Raimundo de Farias Brito (1862–1917)[2]
- Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968)[4]
- Fazang (or Fa-Tsang) (643–712)[4]
- Gustav Fechner (1801–1887)[1][2][4][5]
- Andrew Feenberg (born 1943)
- Herbert Feigl (1902–1988)[5]
- Joel Feinberg (1926–2004)[2][3]
- José Pablo Feinmann (1943–2021)
- Valentin Feldman (1909–1942)
- Margaret Fell (1614–1702)[5]
- François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (1651–1715)[2][4]
- Feng Youlan (1895–1990)[1]
- Adam Ferguson (1723–1816)[1][2][3][4]
- Ann Ferguson (born 1938)[2]
- Jose Ferrater-Mora (1912–1991)[3]
- Luigi Ferri (1826–1895)[2]
- James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864)[2][4]
- Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994)[3][4][5]
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Hartry Field (born 1946)[2][3]
- Robert Filmer (1588–1653)[1][2][3][4]
- J. N. Findlay (1903–1987)[5]
- Eugen Fink (1905–1975)[2]
- John Finnis (born 1940)[3]
- Kuno Fischer (1824–1907)[2]
- Ronald Fisher (1890–1962)[2]
- John Fiske (1842–1901)[2]
- Richard FitzRalph (c. 1300–1360)[5]
- Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961)[5]
- Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii (1882–1937)[2][4]
- Georges Florovsky (1893–1979)[2]
- Robert Fludd (1574–1637)[1][2][4]
- Jerry Fodor (1935–2017)[1][2][3][4]
- Robert J. Fogelin (1932–2016)[3]
- Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932)[3]
- Benjamin Fondane (1898–1944)
- Pedro da Fonseca (1528–1599)[1][2][4]
- Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657–1757)[1][2][4]
- Philippa Foot (1920–2010)[1][2][3][5]
- David Fordyce (1711–1751)[1]
- Michel Foucault (1926–1984)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Simon Foucher (1644–1696)[2][4]
- Alfred Fouillée (1838–1922)[2]
- Charles Fourier (1772–1837)[1][2]
- Francis of Marchia (c. 1290–c. 1344)[5]
- Francis of Meyronnes (1285–1328)[4]
- Sebastian Franck (1499–1542)[2]
- Jerome Frank (1889–1957)[4]
- Erich Frank (1883–1949)[2]
- Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)[2][4]
- William K. Frankena (1908–1994)[1][3]
- Harry Gordon Frankfurt (born 1929)[2][3]
- Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)[2][3][4]
- Michael Frede (1940–2007)[3]
- Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Hans Frei (1922–1988)[4]
- Paulo Freire (1921–1997)
- Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)[1][2][3][4]
- Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773–1843)[2][4]
- Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852)[2]
- Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
- Marilyn Frye (born 1941)[2]
- Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619)[4]
- Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978)[4]
- Richard Fumerton (born 1949)[1]
- Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1906)[2][4]
G
- Gadadhara Bhattacharya (1604–1709)[4]
- Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Muammar Gaddafi (1941–2011)[1]
- Gaius (110–180)[4]
- Galen (131–201)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Pasquale Galluppi (1770–1846)[2]
- Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004)
- Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)[1][3][4]
- Gangeśa (fl. c. 1325)[4][5]
- Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1887–1964)[2][4]
- Christian Garve (1742–1798)[2]
- Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Marcel Gauchet (born 1946)
- Gaunilo (11th century)[2]
- Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BC)[4]
- Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha) (c. 563–483 BC)[1][4][5]
- David Gauthier (born 1932)[3]
- John Gay (1685–1732)[1][2]
- Peter Geach (1919–2013)[1][3]
- Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976)[2]
- Antonio Genovesi (1712–1769)[2]
- Ronald Giere
- Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944)[1][2][3][4]
- Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945)[3][4]
- George of Trebizond (1395–1484)[4]
- Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187)[4]
- Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis) (1290–1349)[4]
- Alexander Gerard (1728–1795)[2][4]
- Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950–1003)[2][4]
- Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil (1718–1802)[4]
- Jean Gerson (1363–1429)[1][2][4]
- Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon) (1288–1344)[1][2][4][5]
- Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)[3]
- Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669)[1][2][3][4]
- Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)[3][2]
- Joseph Geyser (1869–1948)[2]
- Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Allan Gibbard (born 1942)[3]
- Edward Gibbon (1737–1794)[2]
- Josiah Gibbs (1839–1903)[2]
- Gilbert of Poitiers (1070–1154)[2][4]
- Giles of Rome (c. 1243–1316)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)[1][2][3]
- Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am) (1856–1927)[4]
- Vincenzo Gioberti (1801–1852)[1][2][4]
- Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680)[1][2][4]
- Jonathan Glover (born 1941)[3]
- Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882)[2]
- Rudolph Goclenius (1547–1628)[1]
- Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)[2][3][4][5]
- Godfrey of Fontaines (c. 1250–1309)[1][2][4][5]
- William Godwin (1756–1836)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832)[1][2][3][4]
- Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1968)[2]
- Alvin Goldman (born 1938)[1][2][3]
- Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970)
- Gongsun Longzi (c. 300 BC)[1][2]
- Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Gorampa (1429–1489)[5]
- Gorgias (c. 483–375 BC)[1][2][3][4]
- André Gorz (1923–2007)
- Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766)[2]
- Marie de Gournay (1565–1645)[2]
- Baltasar Gracián y Morales (1601–1658)[1][2]
- Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937)[1][2][3][4]
- Asa Gray (1810–1888)[2]
- John Gray (born 1948)
- Hilary Greaves (born 1978)
- Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Pope Gregory I (540–604)[1][3]
- Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389)[2]
- Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–398)[1][2]
- Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988)[1][2][3][4][5]
- James Griffin (1933–2019)[3]
- Germain Grisez (1929–2018)[3]
- Robert Grosseteste (1175–1253)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Reinhardt Grossmann (1931–2010)[3]
- John Grote (1813–1866)[2][4]
- Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Adolf Grunbaum (1923–2018)[3]
- Karl Grün (1817–1887)
- Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740–645 BC)[1][4]
- Félix Guattari (1930–1992)
- Ernesto "Che" Guevara (1928–1967)
- Guo Xiang (c. 252–312)[2]
- Edmund Gurney (1847–1888)[4]
- Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973)[2]
H
- Susan Haack (born 1945)
- Jürgen Habermas (born 1929)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Ian Hacking (born 1936)[3]
- Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919)[1][2][4]
- Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom (1868–1939)[2][4]
- Yehuda Halevi (c. 1085–1141)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788)[1][2][4][5]
- Octave Hamelin (1856–1907)[2]
- Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856)[1][2][3][4]
- David Walter Hamlyn (1924–2012)[3]
- Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004)[2][3]
- Hassan Hanafi (1935–2021)[2]
- Han Feizi (died 233 BC)[1][2][4]
- Han Yu (768–824)[1][2][4]
- Alastair Hannay (born 1932)[3]
- Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904)[4]
- Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967)[4]
- Sandra Harding (born 1935)[2]
- Michael Hardt (born 1960)
- R. M. Hare (1919–2002)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Gilbert Harman (1938–2021)[2][3]
- Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)[2]
- James Harrington (1611–1677)[2][4]
- Sam Harris (born 1967)[2][3]
- William Torrey Harris (1835–1909)[2]
- H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)[1][2][3][4]
- David Hartley (1705–1757)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Eduard Von Hartmann (1842–1906)[1][2][3][4]
- Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000)[1][3][5]
- William Harvey (1578–1657)[2]
- Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950)[2]
- Hayashi Razan (1583–1657)[2]
- Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)[3][4][5]
- William Hazlitt (1778–1830)[2]
- Christian Friedrich Hebbel (1813–1863)[2]
- G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Carl Heim (1874–1958)[2]
- Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)[2][3][4]
- Virginia Held (born 1929)[2]
- Ágnes Heller (1929–2019)
- Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894)[1][2][4][5]
- Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1698)[4]
- Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771)[1][2][3][4]
- Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Frans Hemsterhuis (1721–1790)[2]
- Henricus Regius (1598–1679)[4][5]
- Henry of Ghent (c. 1217–1293)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Henry of Harclay (1270–1317)[2][4]
- Michel Henry (1922–2002)[5]
- Ronald William Hepburn (1927–2008)[3]
- Heraclides Ponticus (387–312 BC)[4]
- Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535–475 BC)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841)[1][2][4][5]
- Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583–1648)[2][4]
- Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562–1635)[4]
- John Herschel (1792–1871)[2]
- Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894)[2][4]
- Hervaeus Natalis (1250–1323)[2][4]
- Alexander Herzen (1812–1870)[1][2][3][4]
- Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972)[4]
- Hesiod (c. 700 BC)[4]
- Moses Hess (1812–1875)[2][4]
- Boris M. Hessen (1893–1936)
- Sergei Iosifovich Hessen (1887–1950)[4]
- William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313–1373)[1][2][4][5]
- John Hick (1922–2012)[3]
- Laurens Perseus Hickok (1798–1888)[2]
- Hierocles the Stoic (2nd century)[4]
- David Hilbert (1862–1943)[1][2][3]
- Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)[2][4]
- Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (1220–1295)[4]
- Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs (1794–1861)
- Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)[1][2][3]
- Hipparchia of Maroneia (c. 350 BC – c. 280 BC)
- Hippias (5th century BC)[4]
- Hippocrates (460–380 BC)[1][2][3]
- Ho Yen (190–249)[1]
- Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (1864–1929)[2][3]
- William Ernest Hocking (1873–1966)[2][3]
- Shadworth Hodgson (1832–1912)[2][3]
- Harald Høffding (1843–1931)[2][3]
- Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1879–1918)[1][4]
- Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789)[1][2][3][5]
- Robert Holcot (1290–1349)[2][4][5]
- Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)[1][2][4]
- John Holloway (sociologist) (born 1947)
- Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935)[4]
- Edwin Holt (1873–1946)[2]
- Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)[2][4]
- Homer (c. 700 BC)[2][4]
- Richard Hönigswald (1875–1947)[2]
- Sidney Hook (1902–1989)[3][5]
- Brad Hooker (born 1957)
- Richard Hooker (1554–1600)[2][4]
- Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)[1][2][4][5]
- Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951)[3]
- Paul Horwich (born 1947)[3]
- George Howison (1834–1916)[2]
- Hsi K'ang (223–262)[1]
- Hsiung Shih-li (1885–1968)[1]
- Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982)[1]
- Hsu Hsing (c. 300 BC)[1]
- Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng) (1100–1155)[1]
- Hu Shih (1891–1962)[1][2]
- Huai Nun Tzu (or Liu An) (179–122 BC)[1][4]
- Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi) (1610–1695)[1][2]
- Pierre Daniel Huet (1630–1721)[2][4]
- Friedrich von Hügel (1852–1925)[2]
- Hugh of St Victor (c. 1078–1141)[4]
- Hui Shi (4th century BC)[1][2]
- Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835)[1][2][3][4][5]
- David Hume (1711–1776)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Jan Hus (1369–1415)[2][4]
- Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)[1][2][3][4][5]
- Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746)[1][2][3][4]
- James Hutton (1726–1797)
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895)[2][4]
- Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)[1]
- Hypatia of Alexandria (370–415)[1][2][4]
- Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968)[2]
Notes
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. October 2, 2020
References
- ↑ http://openanthropology.org/libya/gaddafi-green-book.pdf
- ↑ "Sam Harris | Home of the Making Sense Podcast". Sam Harris. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
- ↑ "Sam Harris - Author, Philosopher, and Podcast Host : Meaning of Life". Good Question. 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
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