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I have been studying the Grover's algorithm for quite some time. I have used David McMohan (Quantum Computing Explained), M. Suhail Zubairy (Quantum Mechanics For Beginners) and some research papers. Also, from different sites. I know how it works and the step-wise protocol. What I am interested in is how I can derive the diffusion operator $(2|0\rangle\langle0| − \mathbb{I})$ and the oracle. I think it just depends on the function $f(x)$.

After this, how can I use this with those HASH codes (SHA-2 or SHA-3) or AES etc., which I am currently trying to understand. Some papers use cost functions, equality functions and some kind of expansion keys. All of which I don't understand. I want to understand how Grover's algorithm is implemented in actuality, which I think is somewhat different than the books.

Martin Vesely
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Syed Shahmir Kazmi
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Please have a look at this paper From Schrödinger's Equation to the Quantum Search Algorithm by Lov Gover. It contains detailed derivation of the algorithm. Mr. Grover very nicely shows here how he came to idea of the algorithm during his work on Schrödinger's equation discretization. In the article, almost no step in the algorithm derivation is neglected, so the paper is very clear and understandable.

Martin Vesely
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