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Suppose I want to perform the time-evolution simulation on the following Hamiltonians:

$$ H_{1} = X_1+ Y_2 + Z_1\otimes Z_2 \\ H_{2} = X_1\otimes Y_2 + Z_1\otimes Z_2 $$

Where $X,Y,Z$ are Pauli matrices. Since $[X_1,Y_2] = 0$, I can simultaneously perform the time evolution simulation of $X_1$ and $Y_2$. Thus, it seems like both Hamiltonians could be simulated using the following circuit ($\pi$ is just a random number):

Is this circuit looks right? If so, how can I tell the difference between these two Hamiltonians just by looking at the circuit?

Ohad
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ZR-
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1 Answers1

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The circuit to simulate the term $e^{i Z \otimes Z t}$ can be construct as

enter image description here

and the circuit to simulate the term $e^{i X \otimes Y t}$ can be construct as

enter image description here

Now to simulate $H = X \otimes Y + Z \otimes Z$, we can use Trotter approx with one time slice to get the following circuit to approximate $e^{i (X \otimes Y + Z \otimes Z) t}$ :

enter image description here

Now as commented by @tsgeorgios, in fact, $X \otimes Y$ and $Z \otimes Z$ are commute. That is,

$$ [X\otimes Y, Z \otimes Z] = X\otimes Y \cdot Z \otimes Z - Z \otimes Z \cdot X\otimes Y = \boldsymbol{0}$$

you can see this explicitly as follows: $$ X \otimes Y = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & -i\\ 0 & 0 & i & 0\\ 0 & -i & 0 & 0\\ i & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{pmatrix} \ \ \ \ \ \ \textrm{and} \ \ \ \ Z \otimes Z = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & -1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1\\ \end{pmatrix} $$ hence you can see that $$ X \otimes Y \cdot Z \otimes Z - Z \otimes Z \cdot X \otimes Y = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{pmatrix} $$

that is they are commute with one another. This is important because if two matrix $A$ and $B$ are commute then we have that (See here. ) $$e^{A + B} = e^{A}e^{B}$$

What this tells us is that the above circuit is the exact representation of the term $e^{i (X \otimes Y + Z \otimes Z) t}$ and not just an approximation!



Now, the circuit to simulate $e^{i X \otimes I t}$ is:

enter image description here

and the circuit to simulate $e^{i I \otimes Y t}$ is:

enter image description here

As you can see, the Identity operator doesn't do anything! so you can ignore them out of the circuit.

Thus, the trotter approx circuit for $e^{i (X \otimes I + I \otimes Y + Z \otimes Z) t}$ is:

enter image description here


I would like to linked a very good and detail answer by @Davit Khachatryan to a similar question here.

KAJ226
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