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Specifically I was wondering for instance in a perfect gas or real gas or water or steel does the medium absorb some sound as perhaps thermal energy, or can it always travel without losses through the perfect zones of the matter structure.?

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This beautifully written article by Finn goes into a lot of the historical details, on top of the physics, but even here, there is no consideration of the fact that there will actually be a bit of losses. However, by having temperature differences, then you can consider the transmissions and thus losses, so it is a great primer.

https://www3.nd.edu/~powers/ame.20231/finn1964.pdf

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All ordinary engineering materials contain internal friction mechanisms which will dissipate sound waves traveling through them. Search on "internal friction" for the details.

niels nielsen
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