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In the book on Quantum Field Theory by Peskin and Schroeder, it is explained how the field is promoted to an operator, now my question is that in Quantum Mechanics, operators act on kets, what does this field operator act on?

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There is a Hilbert space also for quantum fields and the field operator acts on the vectors ("kets") of that Hilbert space. From this perspective there is no difference between quantum mechanics and QFT.