Why the speed of light is constant in every inertial frame of reference? Is it just a postulate of special relativity, a physical observation or is their a way to explain it theoretically?
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It is first of all an experimental fact or, as you put it, a physical observation. Second, it is a foundational principle of special relativity, which as a mathematical model of the way our universe works has been experimentally tested ever-more-precisely over the last 100 years and has passed all of those tests with flying colors. Finally, if the speed of light were not the same in all inertial frames of reference then for example it would be possible for us to see effects before their causes had happened, as if time were running backwards.
There are many aspects of our world which would appear completely different to us if special relativity were false. The fact that those effects have been diligently searched for and never seen is powerful evidence that special relativity is a correct description of our world.
niels nielsen
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