Does this intensity of microwave background radiation correspond to the huge amount of gamma photons that could be released during the theoretical annihilation of matter and antimatter at the time of the creation of our universe?
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Sort of. The CMB are photons we detect from the last scattering surface, essentially when the universe went from being opaque to transparent (approximately at around $3000K$). The opaqueness was just a product of the Universe being hot and dense.
But yes, it's true that the majority of photons that constitute the CMB were created from matter/anti-matter annihilations in the early universe. However, since then the CMB photons have interacted and scattered many times (during the radiation era until recombination).
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