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In an abstract about "Sub-lattice-resolved imaging", the author was talking about local addressing of individual lattice sites:

Here we introduce an imaging approach where matter wave optics magnifies the density distribution prior to optical imaging, allowing 2D sub-lattice spacing resolution in three-dimensional (3D) systems. Combining the site-resolved imaging with magnetic resonance techniques for local addressing of individual lattice sites, we demonstrate full accessibility to 2D local information and manipulation in 3D systems.

What does "address" mean in such a context?

Ahmed Samir
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It is possible that one is talking about a technique similar to single molecule spectroscopy (see also here or google for a review that is accessible to you - depending on your subscriptions). The idea is that all molecules/sites in a sample are subject to different Zeeman or Stark shifts - either due to the random fields present in the sample or due to fields specifically induced for this purpose. One can then optically manipulate ("address") the state of a single molecule by tuning the laser to its specific frequency (e.g., using EPR or NMR-like techniques or simply exciting it optically - depending on frequency and other properties).

A particular variation of this technique is when the transition frequency of a molecules/site is manipulated by bringing an AFM tip close to it - it is then the interaction with the tip that changes the frequency of the transition.

Roger V.
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