A washing tower that rains water down through a polluted gas will take up the particulates in the gas. They do this through adhesion, I'm pretty sure.
Now, there's apparently 5 types of adhesion:
Mechanical
Chemical
Dispersive
Electrostatic
Diffusive
In my case, the particulates are mostly coal, some ilmenite and probably some bentonite. As far as I know, these are not very conductive materials, which probably rules out electrostatic adhesion. Since mechanical adhesion relies on large bodies connecting via interlocking through many pores and grooves, it probably isn't the case here either.
In my uneducated opinion, that makes the chemical, dispersive and diffusive types of adhesion left. I think diffusive adhesion works best with substances that are more spacious on a molecular level, and I'm not sure how the aforementioned dust particulates are in relation to that.