When a plane takes off from the equator at a specific longitude and flies due north and attempts to land at $43 N$ latitude, why doesn't it crash due to the difference in earth's velocity at the equator and $43 N$ ? Isn't the energy conserved to obey Newton's laws ?
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Airplanes aren't inertial objects. They fly by constant interaction between lift, drag, thrust, and gravitational forces. If the airplane were to find itself outside of a narrow range of airspeeds, it would accelerate until it was in that range. The engines are consuming huge amounts of fuel constantly, so conservation of energy is not a factor.
BowlOfRed
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So basically you are asking "Why doesn't the groundspeed increase to a phenomenally high value due to the aircraft retaining the velocity component associated with the speed of the earth's rotation at the takeoff point?"
Because the flight is conducted within the atmosphere, not beyond it.
Related --
Does a pilot have to take into consideration the angular spin velocity of the earth?
quiet flyer
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