I'm interested in mathematically describing complex systems that are composed of agents that have self-interest. Recently, I've been thinking along the lines that the macro-structure that we see in such complex systems exist because it is in the interest of each of the individual agents to be a part of the structure, usually because it pays off economically, in one way or another.
There is potentially a simple way to describe systems in such cases, and that is using a kind of economic cost-benefit analysis. For example, State 2 (the complex state) is more favorable when compared to State 1 (the simple state) because the net benefit in State 2 is greater than the net benefit in State 1, and therefore it is in the interest of the agents to remain in State 2, similar to what has been done here:
I would like to know if this approach has been taken before for agent-based complex systems, or if there is any work along these lines.