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It is often claimed that if we ever sent humans to colonize other stars, we would have to send them on generational ships. However, if the ship traveled at $99.9\cdots 9c$, wouldn't the passangers' time slow down, and make the travel time just, say, 1 year from their point of view?

Qmechanic
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Yes, travelling close to the speed of light would allow a traveler to get to a distant star in his lifetime. This is clear from muon experiments. Muons have a lifetime that would tell us to expect them to decay within this time [x]. But when they are travelling very close to the speed of light they manage to travel far enough that they must have lived, in our frame, much more than [x].