The picture shows the direction of the magnetic field around a current carrying wire. I wonder what will be the direction of the electric field with respect to the direction of the magnetic field ? I am trying to visualize both electric and magnetic field at the same time. I am getting the picture of the direction of the magnetic field everywhere but could not find any picture that shows both of them togather.
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In a circuit involving potential drop (so, not purely a current wo/voltage,) the e-field around conductors is perpendicular and radial, and the e-field around resistors is radial with some tilt. Inside a resistor (as well as just outside,) the e-field is parallel to the resistor.
For ideal conductors with arbitrarily small resistance, the flux-lines of e-field appear in the space outside the conductor, and are connecting the surface-charge with charges found upon other, distant parts of the circuit (e.g. parallel wires having opposite charge, where the two wires behave as opposite capacitor-plates.) Here's the oversimplified visual version:
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. Notice that the fields are those of a 2-wire waveguide or transmission line? Exactly right. The same physics applies at DC, Zero Hz, and also applies at 60Hz AC, and also at radio frequencies. (DC is really just an AC square wave, like an hours-long, flat-topped AC pulse which zooms along at c velocity.)
Electric field lines describe the force experienced by positive point charge at a point. In a current carrying wire,the force experienced by a positive point charge is in the direction of current,so electric field is in the direction of current.But outside a current carrying wire there won't be any field lines as there is no electric force .
Electric field was produced inside the wire due to the potential difference created by the battery.But outside the wire there is no such thing.
Imagine the nature of the electric field if the wires are not next to each other. In fact imagine the wires are going in the opposite direction away from the source for miles and then at the right angle for miles and then again at a right angle back around to the load somewhere and then keeps going for miles and finally turns back at the right angle to the source. I do not know the distance between the wires in the above schematics so the field on one wire knows where to be pointing towards. How far can the field detect the other wire and how quickly it knows that it better point that way. And if it is miles and miles square and not a nice neat rectangle as in the diagram..... IT is a natural inquiry.
I say there is more involved here than we are admitting. There is an electric field along the wires for charges to move. There is an electric field also in all directions and not just between the wires. There are also other influences on the charges so to keep them from accelerating in the direction of the field which is, of course, the direction of force too. The charges also most likely have to deal with the collective magnetic field, after all, the collective field is not an individual electron's magnetic field. They are supposedly moving through the center of the collective magnetic field
The current flows in the direction of the electric field. Since the current is the direction of positive charge flow and the electric field is defined by the direction a positive charge would move, the two are the same thing.
