From the equation $E_k=\frac12mv^2$ you can determine more energy is necessary to accelerate a mass the higher your initial velocity is. For example, three times more energy is necessary to accelerate a mass from 1 m/s to 2 m/s than from 0 m/s to 1 m/s. If the earth is moving in the universe, what is our standard frame of reference? Why?
Thanks in advance for your time and answers
The energy required to accelerate an object by a given velocity increment is linear in the initial velocity in the non-relativistic limit (where $E_k=\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ applies). It is even more energy intensive for the relativistic case when the velocity of light (c) is approached. That is because the relativistic expression for kinetic energy is: $$E_k=mc^2(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}-1)$$.
Here is a site that should clarify both the relativistic and non-relativistic cases if you make use of the available links. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ/releng.html For your last question see the comments by @CuriousOne and @navigator above.
