My questions are:
a) What significant forces “carry” flying objects around with the rotation of the earth,
b) How do each of those forces contribute to that “carrying”, and
c) How relatively significant is each of those forces?
d) If any of the 5 forces below are not significant contributors, please state why not.
For example, if an aircraft was to take off, thrust directly upwards and hover at say 30,000 feet for 12 hours, then come directly down again, I think we'd generally agree that it would land in the same city it took off from, not half way around the earth. The forces we have considered are:
- Gravity
- Centrifugal force
- Centripetal force
- Momentum (or is it inertia?) of the object before it left earth
- The atmosphere's rotation with the earth
- Any other significant contributors?
I have my opinion on which of the above are relevant, but I didn’t do much Physics at university (30 years ago), and I’d like to know what you think and why. because a friend and I disagree.

