One thing a lot of folks neglect to consider when replacing/upgrading from a bad battery with dead cells. The battery has been going bad for quite a long time before the cell died.
The alternator and it's regulator has been working harder trying to optimize charging of the battery and compensating to operate all the other electronics in the vehicle while the battery was gradually going bad.
By the time the cell in the battery died, the regulator and alternator both have been working at max output that stressed their components beyond their limitations. Once you connect the new replacement or upgraded battery, it sends a shock into the regulator and alternator which causes one or both of them to malfunction.
Best case scenario, the regulator pops and the alternator stops working altogether. Worst case scenario, the regulator overloads the new battery, which damages the battery and fries the alternator. This can also lead to catastrophic damages to the vehicle's ECM/ECU.
To reduce the risk of these conditions occurring, it's a good idea to get a battery tender that reconditions the battery cells and use it once or twice a year. This drastically increases the lifespan of your battery and reduces the risk of damages to the alternator, it's regulator, and any other components of the vehicle.
If you're replacing a battery with a dead cell, it's a really good idea to either replace the alternator or have it properly tested and then replaced if it's not working at optimal performance.