Questions tagged [indian-constitutional-law]

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth. B. R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.

It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament cannot override the constitution.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950. The Constitution replaced the Government of India Act, 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395.

India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.

The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens' justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity.


INDIAN LANGUAGE (HINDI) TRANSLATION / भारतीय भाषा (हिंदी) अनुवाद :

भारत का संविधान भारत का सर्वोच्च कानून है। दस्तावेज मौलिक राजनीतिक कोड, संरचना, प्रक्रियाओं, शक्तियों और सरकारी संस्थानों के कर्तव्यों का निर्धारण करने वाले ढांचे को प्रस्तुत करता है और मौलिक अधिकार, निर्देश सिद्धांत और नागरिकों के कर्तव्यों को निर्धारित करता है। यह पृथ्वी पर किसी भी देश का सबसे लंबा लिखित संविधान है। मसौदा समिति के अध्यक्ष बी. आर. अम्बेडकर को व्यापक रूप से मुख्य वास्तुकार माना जाता है।

यह संवैधानिक सर्वोच्चता प्रदान करता है (संसदीय सर्वोच्चता नहीं, क्योंकि यह संसद की बजाय एक संविधान सभा द्वारा बनाया गया था) और अपने लोगों द्वारा अपने प्रस्ताव में घोषणा के साथ अपनाया गया था। संसद संविधान को ओवरराइड नहीं कर सकती है।

इसे 26 नवंबर 1949 को भारत की संविधान सभा द्वारा अपनाया गया था और 26 जनवरी 1950 को प्रभावी हो गया। संविधान ने भारत सरकार के अधिनियम, 1935 को देश के मौलिक शासकीय दस्तावेज के रूप में बदल दिया, और भारत का डोमिनियन भारत गणराज्य बन गया। संवैधानिक स्वायत्तता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए, इसके निर्माताओं ने अनुच्छेद 395 में ब्रिटिश संसद के पूर्व कृत्यों को निरस्त कर दिया।

भारत 26 जनवरी को गणतंत्र दिवस के रूप में अपना संविधान मनाता है।

संविधान भारत को एक संप्रभु, समाजवादी, धर्मनिरपेक्ष, लोकतांत्रिक गणराज्य घोषित करता है, अपने नागरिकों के न्याय, समानता और स्वतंत्रता को आश्वस्त करता है, और भाईचारे को बढ़ावा देने के प्रयास करता है।

66 questions
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Can hospitals run by trusts discriminate based on religion in India

Suppose there's a hospital run by any trust. It gives free medicines to patients belonging to a particular religion and other patients have to pay for their medicines. However, India is a secular country with the right to protection against…
ShivCK
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Do the observations of constitutional courts that are not necessary for deciding the case form binding precedents for lower courts?

My question concerns the principle that constitutional courts should not decide what is not strictly necessary for deciding the case at hand. What happens if, say the Supreme Court, made well reasoned and detailed (but unduly far-reaching)…
Ishan Mata
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Is marriage rejection on the basis of caste a criminal offence?

I am a Brahmin and my girlfriend is Schedule caste, and my parents are denying our marriage because of caste. Will it be considered a criminal offence under Indian caste discrimination law, if any?
4
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Why are "sex" and "place of birth" omitted in some of the clauses of the Indian constitution?

15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.—(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. (2) No citizen…
4
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Why is a Letters Patent Appeal called so?

In High Courts in India, one can file an appeal called Letters Patent Appeal (LPA in short). LPAs are filed against a judgment of a single judge of the High Court and are decided by a bench of two/more judges of the same High Court. My question…
3
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If granting of pardons is subject to judicial review in India then are rejections of pardons also subject to judicial review?

https://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l165-Power-of-Pardon.html This goes over the various case laws on judicial review of pardoning powers. “Considerations for exercise of power under Articles 72/161 may be myriad and their occasions protean,…
user49663
3
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In Indian law are courts required to give similar verdicts for similar cases?

From what I understand this power is discretionary to courts other than supreme courts. But there isn't much material on it. Is there any grey area that I might be missing ? And are the decisions of supreme court binding on high courts of states ?
12527726
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Is keeping weed/ganja for one time usage (for one person) a crime in India?

Is it illegal to possess an amount equal to a one-time usage for one person? Is there any specific law for this?
3
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What is considered 'Property' in the constitutional Right to Property in India?

When talking about the Constitutional Right to Property(Art. 300A), what counts as 'Property'? I have been reading about how Right to Property was removed as a Fundamental Right(Art. 19(f) & 31) and introduced as a Constitutional Right instead. All…
2
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1 answer

How is untouchability defined in Indian law?

Article 17 of India's Constitution makes it mandatory to abolish all forms of untouchability but what does untouchability mean? There's also the protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, India that makes this illegal but even there untouchability isn't…
user49663
2
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Is it possible to appeal to change a supreme court's decision about the constitutionality of law? (India)

Are there any limits to public interest litigation in India to how many times a decision can be appealed? Especially a constitutional interpretation judgement?
Hazar
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Are there any exceptions to ipc article 7 ? (Indian law)

Do words that have been explained in one part of the act have to neccesary be assigned the same meaning in another act ?
NoOne
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Are second level cousins considered "Sapindas" in India's Hindu Marriage Act?

Are second level cousins considered Sapindas in India's Hindu Marriage Act? Please refer the following screenshot in which the highlighted SINDHUJA [Y] (Red in color) and RAJ [M1] (White in color) may legally marry each other, but the SANTHOS [M2]…
2
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Is it non constitutional to remove identity based laws from the Indian constitution?

In the beginning pre-amble of Indian constitution it is written that it is a secular country. However this secular is not used in the sense of the Western secularism but that of Nehru's. The idea, as I understand it, is that if there are different…
2
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How would the first constitution of India interpret hijab in the classrooms?

Recently, a court in Kerala, India, banned the hijab in classrooms, saying that the hijab is not an integral part of the religion of Islam. Therefore, theoretically, Muslims in any part of India cannot wear a hijab if challenged in a court of…
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