I have seen a lot of claims made about "gain of function" research in regards to corona viruses, one of them being that it is or was "illegal". I wondered whether or not this claim was true at the time that some entities (NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, other government organizations, etc.) were funding and/or conducting gain of function research themselves.
It seems the NIH did place a moratorium on funding gain of function research starting in October 2014 and rescinded it in December of 2017. (Source)
I found Senate Bill S.3012 that was introduced by Sen. Marshall in October 2021, but a) it is not law, just a bill, and b) cannot be used to ex post facto criminalize behavior that had already been committed (US Constitution, Article 1, Section 9, Clause 3).
Questions
- Was funding "gain of function" research by government institutions ever illegal? If so, starting when?
- Was conducting "gain of function" research by government institutions ever illegal? If so, starting when?
I have not seen this question asked here before, a quick search I was able to find the following question but it doesn't delve into whether either conducting this research or funding it was or is now illegal.