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The fifteenth amendment was not ratified when the 1870 census forms were designed. The last two questions in 1870 were

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Was this intended to support Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment (which punished, by reduced representation in the House of Representatives, any state that disenfranchised any male citizens over 21 years of age)?

WGroleau
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Yes. See the discussion in the instructions to enumerators:

https://www.archives.gov/files/research/genealogy/charts-forms/1870-census.pdf

Just a guy
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