Finally I managed to boot my system normally (but without nvidia drivers). I think all the credit should be given to here, but it was hard to me to figure out how to do some things. I'll try to give some important details.
The steps I took are:
Enter recovery mode or 'BOOT into GRUB'
I only have Ubuntu on my install, so no GRUB menu appears on booting. Instead had to press only once 'esc' key, right after the bios logo dissapeared (prior to 16.04 the key has to be left 'shift')
At the begining, as AndroidDev suggested I dissabled secure boot in the BIOS, but later I enabled it again and could enter in recovery mode without any problem, so I would say it has nothing to do.
Once I entered in the GRUB menu, was easy to boot in recovery mode, just have to look around until you see the option that explicits 'recovery mode' (I had several, I suposes each of them references one version of the kernel, so I booted with the highest (latest).
Uninstall nvidia drivers
I then choose the root console and issued
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*
but finally it didn't do anything, because filesystem was readonly.
So first I had to run fsck, from the previous menu (not from console).
After that, I rerun the purge command.
Deleting .Xauthority
Somewhere in the process deleted /home//.Xauthority with sudo rm /home/<user>/.Xauthority
I'm sure only this didn't do the trick, but is something more to try.
Installing the proprietary drivers
I tried once again to install the nvidia drivers, but this time from the terminal... as soon as drivers were installed and restarted, I got stucked in the same login loop ... so had to purge the drivers again.