After searching the web, I found how to install the shared library by installing the package libqt4-svg. However, subsequently running masterpdfeditor4 caused the error "Segmentation fault (core dumped)". So, I installed some other KDE dependencies and then it launched fine.
(I just did sudo apt-get install konsole, but there is likely a way to only install the dependencies it actually needs)
The following NEW packages will be installed:
konsole konsole-kpart kpackagelauncherqml kpackagetool5
libkf5declarative-data libkf5declarative5 libkf5kirigami2-5
libkf5newstuff-data libkf5newstuff5 libkf5newstuffcore5
libkf5notifyconfig-data libkf5notifyconfig5 libkf5package-data
libkf5package5 libkf5pty-data libkf5pty5 libkf5quickaddons5 libphonon4qt5-4
libphonon4qt5-data phonon4qt5 phonon4qt5-backend-vlc
qml-module-org-kde-kirigami2 qml-module-org-kde-kquickcontrolsaddons
qml-module-org-kde-newstuff qml-module-qtqml-models2