It should be called code and for me, I just have to run it.
$ code
$ code my-file
and that works. If installed the .deb (only available in older Ubuntu versions) the path should be
`/usr/bin/code`
If you installed it as a snap, e.g.
$ sudo snap install code --classic
Then it's path should be
`/snap/bin/code`
If you installed it another way, then try to find the binary, e.g.
command -v code
will print the path. command is a bit more reliable than which. VS Code is an Electron application (i.e. Chrome/node) and the launcher is a little wonky. For example, xdg-open does not work well for me.
NOTE ABOUT INSIDERS VERSION:
As Nicholas Humphrey points out in the comments, it could also be called code-insiders if you installed the insiders version. This allows you to have side-by-side installations of regular and insider versions.