Here is what I've done so far which has the output to many commands for diagnosing the issue. The wifi on my Ubuntu 14.04 laptop broke after (I think) this kernel update I don't remember doing.
I've followed the solution in that question and after disabling secure boot, restarting, then running sudo modprobe iwlwifi there were no errors and no output. Then I ran dmesg whose output is here.
The helpful people in #linux pointed me to me needing the linux-backports-modules-wireless-cw package for ubuntu 14.04, kernel 3.19, but there were too many matches and we weren't sure which one to download/install. I am hoping for some guidance on this. Thanks.