This is an updated answer for modern versions of Anaconda [4.4.0 as of 2017].
Make sure you have appended your ~/.bashrc file with the following command:
export PATH="/home/YOUR_USER_NAME/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
Check if you have anaconda-navigator installed by typing the same on a terminal. If not, use the following command to install anaconda-navigator.
conda install anaconda-navigator
To launch anaconda-navigator, just type the exact name on a terminal.
In order to install a desktop shortcut, create a file called anaconda.desktop and enter the following content within that file.
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Anaconda-Navigator
GenericName=Anaconda
Comment=Scientific PYthon Development EnviRonment - Python3
Exec=bash -c 'export PATH="/home/YOUR_USER_NAME/anaconda3/bin:$PATH" && /home/YOUR_USER_NAME/anaconda3/bin/anaconda-navigator'
Categories=Development;Science;IDE;Qt;Education;
Icon=spyder3
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
MimeType=text/x-python;
Of course, it goes without saying that you have to edit the above commands with YOUR specific paths (e.g. /home/ironman6788/anaconda/bin).