This is a difficult question to answer, I don't think you should look for an overall video series to teach you everything, as it likely doesn't exist.
However there are few areas that you could look into (search youtube).
To get comfortable with Ubuntu as a dev, you should understand how apt-get works. You can download most things you will need, e.g. "sudo apt-get install python-numpy" installs the python module numpy.
For development environment, pretty much everything other than xcode and visual studio is available. So it's going to be specific to your preferences, e.g. do you want emacs or eclipse. Once again search youtube, and you will be able to install them using apt-get ("sudo apt-get install eclipse emacs23" will install them both).
If you are not familiar with the UNIX directory structure, that's very important and I wouldn't try looking for Ubuntu specific videos as any UNIX or LINUX system works mainly the same. I learnt from a written tutorial so I have no specific videos unfortunately.
Now general linux/ubuntu stuff. There are a few youtube channels I like to watch to keep up to date on distros and can teach you some of the more obscure things you can do with your computer:
Nixie Pixel: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBE-FO9JUOghSysV9gjTeHw
Especially check out the earlier videos
InfinitelyGalatic: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3jSNmKWYA04R47fDcc1ImA
Quidsup: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0A3ldncnGQ1M_RU2Wb4L2A