This tutorial can be helpful for what you need: Running PHPStorm.
Run the following commands in terminal:
cd /home/user/PHPStorm/PhpStorm-111.296/bin
chmod +x phpstorm.sh
./phpstorm.sh
You can create a shortcut on the Desktop by using gnome-desktop-item-edit in terminal as follow (note that if you don't have installed the package gnome-desktop-item-edit, you must be install first, so if you have gnome-shell or gnome-tweak-tool installed, then it is installed automatically):
gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/Desktop
This will start the dialog (Create Launcher):
Insert for Name any name you want (for example 'PHPStorm') and for Command sh /home/user/PHPStorm/PhpStorm-111.296/bin/phpstorm.sh and press Ok.
You can put this .desktop file in any folder, and then drag and drop to the Launcher.
Thanks to Binarylife for this answer.