I edited iptables so that when the VPN service is disconnected, no program will access the internet.
Well, I did an experiment. I disconnected the VPN service manually and immediately did a ping by issuing the following command:
sudo ping www.yahoo.com
Below are the results:
PING ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com (206.190.36.45) 56(84) bytes of data.
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
^C
--- ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 7056ms
Was any data including geolocation information sent out from my computer and received by the destination party during the ping session?