To align a window to left/right/top/bottom half of a screen with mouse you should go to 'settings editor' -> 'xfwm4' and uncheck 'wrap_windows' property. Now you can drag window beyond the edge of the screen to tile it. But what are keyboard shortcuts for such a tiling? XFCE 4.10 has that functionality, but I can't find keyboard shortcuts for it.
3 Answers
Xubuntu keyboard shortcuts
By default, XFCE/Xubuntu tiling is a mouse only affair.
However, you do have the ability to define your own keyboard shortcuts:

Using settings manager --> window manager you have the Tile Actions as shown.
In the picture I have defined two custom keyboard shortcuts CTRL+T to tile the current window to the top and CTRL+G to tile to the bottom.
To define your own keyboard shortcut - double click in the shortcut field next to the action.
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One problem with the solution mentioned above, is it won't work if you set the Whisker menu to use the SUPER key.
Whether you like or hate MS, I think you will agree that their shortcuts for the Start Menu, tiling, and window states are very intuitive. (WINKEY+LEFT: Tile Left, WINKEY+RIGHT: Tile Right, WINKEY+UP Maximize, WINKEY+DOWN Minimize, WINKEY: Open Start Menu)
I wanted to mimic that as closely as possible.
It seems with XFCE (at least Xubuntu) there are two main keyboard shortcut settings: one in Settings > Keyboard, and one in Settings > Window Manager. The Whisker Menu shortcut (which I set to the SUPERKEY/WINKEY) is in Settings > Keyboard and by setting that, it doesn't allow any WinManager WINKEY settings to work.
My solution was to assign the tiling keys from within Settings > Keyboard (instead of WindowManager) by using quicktile.py (found here).
Cmd: ~/src/quicktile/quicktile.py left - Shortcut: Super+Left
Cmd: ~/src/quicktile/quicktile.py right - Shortcut: Super+Right
Cmd: ~/src/quicktile/quicktile.py maximize - Shortcut: Super+Up
Cmd: ~/src/quicktile/quicktile.py minimize - Shortcut: Super+Down
Cmd: ~/src/quicktile/quicktile.py show-desktop - Shortcut: Super+D
Then I can have the SUPER/WINKEY open the Whisker menu with:
Cmd: xfce4-popup-whiskermenu - Shortcut: Super L
It works very well but isn't quite perfect. For example, in a multi-monitor environment, the Windows don't go to the next screen like Windows does. I would love for that functionality to work, but I can deal without it for now :)
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I know the question is 12 y/o, but it still shows up pretty high in search results about options for windows tiling on Xubuntu.
So if anyone stumbles upon this topic with the same need as I did - I missed a functionality like Windows FancyZones or Kubuntu KZones on Xubuntu, so I've created Xutiles, a windows tiling helper for Xubuntu: GitHub - edison23/xutiles: Window tiling for X
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