Both Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 have rustc 1.75, with additional versions up to 1.80 in packages like rustc-1.77. Rust 1.81 is not available from the official repository of any LTS version (only oracular and newer).
Rust 1.80 was released in July 2024, not long after 24.03 itself was released. I would have naively expected the base rustc package to be newer in 24.04, and/or the additional packages in 24.04 to go on until July 2026, but that doesn't seem to be the case.
This situation where one LTS release got new versions of the language multiple times over two years, and the other basically never had any update, is more than a bit confusing. I would like to understand if there's some kind of policy for introducing new versions of rustc in Ubuntu LTS releases, so that I can plan which Rust features to use for software that wants to be buildable on Ubuntu 24.04, and when.