I had the exact same issue on three different systems, all running Ubuntu 22.04.03, and none of the suggestions here helped. What I did find to work however, is aptitude.
sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude install winehq-stable
Select no to first suggestion to "do nothing", accept 2nd suggestions.
$ sudo aptitude install winehq-stable
The following NEW packages will be installed:
winehq-stable{b}
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1788 B of archives. After unpacking 74.8 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
winehq-stable : Depends: wine-stable (= 9.0.0.0~jammy-1) but it is not installable
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Keep the following packages at their current version:
winehq-stable [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
1) ipp-usb [0.9.20-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
2) libavahi-client3:i386 [0.8-5ubuntu5.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
3) libavahi-common-data:i386 [0.8-5ubuntu5.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
4) libavahi-common3:i386 [0.8-5ubuntu5.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
5) libbrotli1:i386 [1.0.9-2build6 (jammy)]
6) libbz2-1.0:i386 [1.0.8-5build1 (jammy)]
7) libcairo2:i386 [1.16.0-5ubuntu2 (jammy)]
8) libcapi20-3:i386 [1:3.27-3 (jammy)]
9) libcups2:i386 [2.4.1op1-1ubuntu4.7 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
10) libcurl3-gnutls:i386 [7.81.0-1 (jammy)]
11) libcurl4:i386 [7.81.0-1ubuntu1.15 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
12) libdeflate0:i386 [1.10-2 (jammy)]
13) libdw1:i386 [0.186-1build1 (jammy)]
14) libexif12:i386 [0.6.24-1build1 (jammy)]
15) libfontconfig1:i386 [2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5 (jammy)]
16) libfreetype6:i386 [2.11.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
17) libgd3:i386 [2.3.0-2ubuntu2 (jammy)]
18) libgdbm-compat4:i386 [1.23-1 (jammy)]
19) libgdbm6:i386 [1.23-1 (jammy)]
20) libglib2.0-0:i386 [2.72.4-0ubuntu2.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
21) libgmp10:i386 [2:6.2.1+dfsg-3ubuntu1 (jammy)]
22) libgnutls30:i386 [3.7.3-4ubuntu1.4 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
23) libgphoto2-6:i386 [2.5.27-1build2 (jammy)]
24) libgphoto2-l10n [2.5.27-1build2 (jammy)]
25) libgphoto2-port12:i386 [2.5.27-1build2 (jammy)]
26) libgpm2:i386 [1.20.7-10build1 (jammy)]
27) libgsm1:i386 [1.0.19-1 (jammy)]
28) libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 [1.20.1-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
29) libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 [1.20.3-0ubuntu1 (jammy-updates)]
30) libhogweed6:i386 [3.7.3-1build2 (jammy)]
31) libieee1284-3:i386 [0.2.11-14build2 (jammy)]
32) libjbig0:i386 [2.1-3.1ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
33) libjpeg-turbo8:i386 [2.1.2-0ubuntu1 (jammy)]
34) libjpeg8:i386 [8c-2ubuntu10 (jammy)]
35) liblcms2-2:i386 [2.12~rc1-2build2 (jammy)]
36) libldap-2.5-0:i386 [2.5.16+dfsg-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
37) libltdl7:i386 [2.4.6-15build2 (jammy)]
38) libmount1:i386 [2.37.2-4ubuntu3 (jammy)]
39) libncurses6:i386 [6.3-2ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
40) libnettle8:i386 [3.7.3-1build2 (jammy)]
41) libnghttp2-14:i386 [1.43.0-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
42) libnspr4:i386 [2:4.32-3build1 (jammy)]
43) libnss3:i386 [2:3.68.2-0ubuntu1.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
44) libodbc2:i386 [2.3.9-5 (jammy)]
45) libopenjp2-7:i386 [2.4.0-6 (jammy)]
46) liborc-0.4-0:i386 [1:0.4.32-2 (jammy)]
47) libosmesa6:i386 [23.0.4-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 (jammy-updates)]
48) libp11-kit0:i386 [0.24.0-6build1 (jammy)]
49) libpcap0.8:i386 [1.10.1-4build1 (jammy)]
50) libpci3:i386 [1:3.7.0-6 (jammy)]
51) libpcre2-8-0:i386 [10.39-3build1 (jammy)]
52) libpcre3:i386 [2:8.39-13ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
53) libperl5.34:i386 [5.34.0-3ubuntu1.3 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
54) libpixman-1-0:i386 [0.40.0-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
55) libpng16-16:i386 [1.6.37-3build5 (jammy)]
56) libpoppler-glib8:i386 [22.02.0-2ubuntu0.3 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
57) libpoppler118:i386 [22.02.0-2ubuntu0.3 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
58) libpsl5:i386 [0.21.0-1.2build2 (jammy)]
59) librtmp1:i386 [2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-2build4 (jammy)]
60) libsane-common [1.1.1-5 (jammy)]
61) libsane1:i386 [1.1.1-5 (jammy)]
62) libsasl2-2:i386 [2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1.2 (jammy-updates)]
63) libsasl2-modules:i386 [2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1.2 (jammy-updates)]
64) libsasl2-modules-db:i386 [2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1.2 (jammy-updates)]
65) libselinux1:i386 [3.3-1build2 (jammy)]
66) libsnmp-base [5.9.1+dfsg-1ubuntu2.6 (jammy-updates)]
67) libsnmp40:i386 [5.9.1+dfsg-1ubuntu2.6 (jammy-updates)]
68) libsqlite3-0:i386 [3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
69) libssh-4:i386 [0.9.6-2ubuntu0.22.04.3 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
70) libtasn1-6:i386 [4.18.0-4build1 (jammy)]
71) libtiff5:i386 [4.3.0-6ubuntu0.7 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
72) libunwind8:i386 [1.3.2-2build2.1 (jammy-updates)]
73) libusb-1.0-0:i386 [2:1.0.25-1ubuntu2 (jammy-updates)]
74) libv4l-0:i386 [1.22.1-2build1 (jammy)]
75) libv4lconvert0:i386 [1.22.1-2build1 (jammy)]
76) libwebp7:i386 [1.2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
77) libwrap0:i386 [7.6.q-31build2 (jammy)]
78) libxcb-render0:i386 [1.14-3ubuntu3 (jammy)]
79) libxcomposite1:i386 [1:0.4.5-1build2 (jammy)]
80) libxkbregistry0:i386 [1.4.0-1 (jammy)]
81) libxpm4:i386 [1:3.5.12-1ubuntu0.22.04.2 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
82) libxslt1.1:i386 [1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security, jammy-updates)]
83) ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386 [2.2.14-3 (jammy)]
84) sane-utils:i386 [1.1.1-5 (jammy)]
85) wine-stable:i386 [9.0.0.0~jammy-1 (jammy)]
86) wine-stable-i386:i386 [9.0.0.0~jammy-1 (jammy)]
Downgrade the following packages:
87) libcurl3-gnutls [7.81.0-1ubuntu1.15 (jammy-security, jammy-updates, now) -> 7.81.0-1 (jammy)]
88) libpcre2-8-0 [10.40-1+ubuntu20.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 (now) -> 10.39-3build1 (jammy)]
Leave the following dependencies unresolved:
89) libsane1:i386 recommends sane-airscan:i386
90) libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 recommends gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:i386
91) wine-stable-i386:i386 recommends libglu1-mesa:i386 | libglu1:i386
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
libcurl3-gnutls libpcre2-8-0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ipp-usb{a} libavahi-client3:i386{a} libavahi-common-data:i386{a} libavahi-common3:i386{a} libbrotli1:i386{a} libbz2-1.0:i386{a} libcairo2:i386{a} libcapi20-3:i386{a} libcups2:i386{a}
libcurl3-gnutls:i386{a} libcurl4:i386{a} libdeflate0:i386{a} libdw1:i386{a} libexif12:i386{a} libfontconfig1:i386{a} libfreetype6:i386{a} libgd3:i386{a} libgdbm-compat4:i386{a}
libgdbm6:i386{a} libglib2.0-0:i386{a} libgmp10:i386{a} libgnutls30:i386{a} libgphoto2-6:i386{a} libgphoto2-l10n{a} libgphoto2-port12:i386{a} libgpm2:i386{a} libgsm1:i386{a}
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386{a} libgstreamer1.0-0:i386{a} libhogweed6:i386{a} libieee1284-3:i386{a} libjbig0:i386{a} libjpeg-turbo8:i386{a} libjpeg8:i386{a} liblcms2-2:i386{a}
libldap-2.5-0:i386{a} libltdl7:i386{a} libmount1:i386{a} libncurses6:i386{a} libnettle8:i386{a} libnghttp2-14:i386{a} libnspr4:i386{a} libnss3:i386{a} libodbc2:i386{a} libopenjp2-7:i386{a}
liborc-0.4-0:i386{a} libosmesa6:i386{a} libp11-kit0:i386{a} libpcap0.8:i386{a} libpci3:i386{a} libpcre2-8-0:i386{a} libpcre3:i386{a} libperl5.34:i386{a} libpixman-1-0:i386{a}
libpng16-16:i386{a} libpoppler-glib8:i386{a} libpoppler118:i386{a} libpsl5:i386{a} librtmp1:i386{a} libsane-common{a} libsane1:i386{a} libsasl2-2:i386{a} libsasl2-modules:i386{a}
libsasl2-modules-db:i386{a} libselinux1:i386{a} libsnmp-base{a} libsnmp40:i386{a} libsqlite3-0:i386{a} libssh-4:i386{a} libtasn1-6:i386{a} libtiff5:i386{a} libunwind8:i386{a}
libusb-1.0-0:i386{a} libv4l-0:i386{a} libv4lconvert0:i386{a} libwebp7:i386{a} libwrap0:i386{a} libxcb-render0:i386{a} libxcomposite1:i386{a} libxkbregistry0:i386{a} libxpm4:i386{a}
libxslt1.1:i386{a} ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386{a} sane-utils:i386{a} wine-stable:i386{a} wine-stable-i386:i386{a} winehq-stable
The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:
gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386
0 packages upgraded, 87 newly installed, 2 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 136 MB of archives. After unpacking 752 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Y
Get: 1 http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libsane-common all 1.1.1-5 [915 kB]
Get: 2 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu jammy/main i386 wine-stable-i386 i386 9.0.0.0~jammy-1 [101 MB]
<SNIPPED...>
Get: 89 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 winehq-stable amd64 9.0.0.0~jammy-1 [1788 B]
Fetched 136 MB in 4s (37.0 MB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package libsane-common.
(Reading database ... 174184 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-libsane-common_1.1.1-5_all.deb ...
Unpacking libsane-common (1.1.1-5) ...
<SNIPPED...>
Scanning processes...
Scanning candidates...
Scanning processor microcode...
Scanning linux images...
Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.
The processor microcode seems to be up-to-date.
No containers need to be restarted.
No user sessions are running outdated binaries.
No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
Current status: 4 (+4) upgradable.
$ wine --version
wine-9.0