I tried to install something with sudo but I received: ".... is not in the sudoers file. this incident will be reported". I used "su -" and "su root" to fix this problem but I got "authentication failure". What should I do to fix this?
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The user needs to be in the sudo group. Trying su and sudo root doesn't work because,for security reasons, Ubuntu has disabled the whole idea of a root password. You can manage your system easily with a properly configured sudo. Read man sudo sudoers.
If you don't have access to any UID 0 account, you'll have to reboot into "single user mode", adduser your_userid sudo, and reboot again. If you can't use adduser, read man groups, and, in single user mode, nano /etc/groups. Find the line beginning with sudo:, append your_userid to the the comma-separated userid list after the second colon. If your_userid is the only one, no comma is needed.
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