Hello everybody out there using Ubuntu,
Since I was running out of disk space, I cloned my Ubuntu 18.04 installation from a 4TB SSD (Samsung) to a 8TB SSD (also Samsung) using dd.
Afterwards, I expanded the Ubuntu partition from 4TB to 8TB on the SSD using GParted.
Although there was a GPT partition table on the 4TB SSD (which was and is booting fine) GParted didn't find a partition table initially and asked me whether it should create one. I confirmed it should create a GPT table, which I confirmed with the sudo parted command (while having booted to the old 4 TB hard-disk and having attached the new 8 TB one as an external disk with an USB adapter):
Model: Samsung Portable SSD T1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8002GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
2 2097kB 8002GB 8002GB ext4
In addition, I checked the output of sudo gdisk -l /dev/sdb:
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdc: 15628053168 sectors, 7.3 TiB
Model: Portable SSD T1
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 77496514-CFD9-4986-81C9-0ADDBD4EF3F9
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 15628053134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2669 sectors (1.3 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 4095 1024.0 KiB EF02
2 4096 15628052479 7.3 TiB 8300
However, my Thinkpad X230 does not boot from the 8TB SSD with the error message:
2100: Detection error on HDD0 (Main HDD)
A web search also turned up some results mentioning this could be due to a hardware error, but the 4 TB disk is working fine. The 8 TB disk also works fine, because I can mount it and open the data I had cloned from the 4 TB one. However, I can't boot the 8 TB disk.
Which additional diagnostics could I run to pin down the problem?
Please not that I already ran a fsck -af /dev/sdb2 to rule out potential filesystem errors.
Moreover, I used the boot-repair package for Ubuntu to fix the problem to no success (despite a positive report of the results).