Since you are able to login to Gnome Shell using the new user you had created, this implies that the issue is with your existing user, and not a Gnome Shell issue. (Issues with Gnome Shell usually have similar symptoms).
Check if there are any files not owned by you in your home directory.
Login using CtrlAltF3, again, and execute the following:
find $HOME -not -user $USER -exec ls -lad {} \;
Option 1: Fix These File Permissions
For each file or directory NOT owned by you, execute:
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER <file or directory path>
Based on your comment above, you can execute the following commands on the parent directories:
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/.cache
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/dbus
Then, see if you can successfully login to your desktop environment.
Option 2: Remove These Files
I don't think think you should have these files (.cache/dconf, .cache/doc, and dbus) in your home directory at all. I suspect that you ran a graphical program as root. If you have done this, never run any graphical program using sudo. (Insetad, use the admin: parameter; for example nautilus admin:/path/to/directory).
In any case Ubuntu should run fine without the .cache/dconf, .cache/doc, and dbus files or directories.
Try removing these files to a backup location.
sudo mkdir /home/temp
sudo mv ~/.cache/dconf /home/temp
sudo mv ~/.cache/doc /home/temp
sudo mv ~/dbus /home/temp
Then, see if you can successfully login to your desktop environment.
If everything works, delete the backed up files.
sudo rm -rf /home/temp