Downloading packages
If you're still downloading packages, you can safely interrupt it.  (Ctrl C a few times will cancel it, or refer vanadium's answer to pause).
As long as you don't clean (autoclean etc) your downloaded packages, you should be able to continue the download from where you are with the exception of any partially downloaded package(s).  (ie. whatever you've already downloaded will be found in cache & thus not downloaded again).  However do NOT sudo apt autoclean or sudo apt-get clean as that will clean your cache and force a re-download of the packages.
This isn't a pause, but I'm describing a cancel & re-start next time using the fully-downloaded packages.
Installing packages
If it's installing the new packages, I'd try and avoid interrupting it (you've already suffered the bandwidth hit anyway)