Has apt made apt-get unnecessary for the vast majority of users? Short answer: yes. The apt command substitutes for apt-get and more.
Ubuntu is based on Debian, and as such also uses the Advanced Package Tool (APT, do not confuse with the apt command). This involves a variety of tools to interact with APT for installing, remove and managing software. These tools are partly integrated in higher-level tools for easier use. apt-get and aptitude are such tools. Next to apt-get, there are several other tools, including apt-cache, apt-config.
The more recent apt command is integrating core functionality for package management in one command, and aims to be a more user friendly command line tool for the end user.