In line with CuriousIndeed's answer, the PDF mentions at the beginning of chapter 8:
For other filesystems or if sought-after lost files are still missing, give PhotoRec a try. PhotoRec is a signature basedfile recovery utility and may be able to recover your data where other methods failed.
PhotoRec was already installed on my system, either by default or due to having just installed testdisk. It was also pretty intuitive to use, similar to TestDisk: photorec, then use the menu to recover your files.
Warning: photorec creates a bunch of /recup_dir/ folders in the directory you're recovering from.
Part 2: Use grep -ri 'my string' to recursively find a string in the contents of a file, if that's what you need.